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Cell Vocabulary
7th Grade Cell Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Cell Theory | a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells |
| Cell Wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Cell Membrane | a membrane of a cell; a semipermeable limiting layer of cell protoplasm consisting of a fluid phospholipid bilayer with intercalated proteins |
| Nucleus | the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Ribosome | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| Selectively Permeable | A selectively-permeable membrane is a membrane that allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell. |
| cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Chloroplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| DNA | a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Passive Transport | Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. |
| Active Transport | the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Diffusion | The passive movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, driven by the concentration gradient, until equilibrium is reached. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. |
| Organ | An organ is a collection of different tissues that are structurally organized to perform one or more specific functions within a living organism. |
| Organ System | An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more vital functions in a living organism. |
| Endocytosis | Endocytosis is an active transport process in which a cell engulfs substances from its external environment by enclosing them in a portion of its plasma membrane, which then pinches off to form a vesicle inside the cell |
| Exocytosis | Exocytosis is an active transport process in which a cell expels materials by fusing a membrane-bound vesicle with the plasma membrane, releasing the vesicle’s contents into the extracellular space. |
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UndertaleTheGreatPapyrus
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