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Bio 101 Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | Smallest unit of organism; building block of all living things |
| Atom | Smallest unit of mass; all living and non living things |
| Order of Complexity | Atoms, molecules, organelles, cell (life), tissues, organs, organisms |
| Emergent Properties | Ability that is greater than the sum of all the parts |
| Response to Stimuli | Detect and respond to environmental stimuli; can be positive (towards stim.) or negative (away from stim.) |
| Reproduction | Asexual and sexual |
| Asexual | Single cell reproduction, cell division after duplicating DNA |
| Sexual | Multicellular cell reproduction, two organisms each give half of DNA |
| Growth and Development | Increase size, cellular growth, organized changes, genetic DNA guide growth and development processes |
| Regulation/Homeostasis | Maintain stable internal conditions |
| Homeostasis Examples | Nutrient transport, temperature regulation, waste removal |
| Energy Processing | Cells and organisms require energy to fuel metabolic activities |
| Types of Energy Processing | Photosynthesis: sunlight and Chemical Compounds: food |
| Adaptation | Inherited traits enhance fitness and survival to environment |
| Natural Selection | Organisms better adapted to environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, acting on genetic variation |
| Evolution | Series of genetic changes, driving force of diversity, mutations |
| Domains of Life | Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
| 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms | Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals |
| Prokaryotes | Smaller and simpler, no internal compartments, DNA in central nucleoid region, often have peptidoglycan cell wall |
| Eukaryotes | Membrane bound organelles, membrane, several rod shaped chromosomes consisting of DNA and histone proteins |
| Bacteria | Prokaryotic, single-celled, cell wall on outside, some are pathogenic |
| Pathogenic | Cause disease |
| Archaea | Prokaryotic, single-celled, cell wall, not pathogenic, "Extremophiles"(hot springs, high pH, high salt) |
| Eukarya | Larger, more complex, single and multi-celled, eukaryotes, 4 kingdoms: animals, protists, fungi, and plants |
| Protists | Most single celled, no cell wall, many photosynthetic (algae); some are heterotrophic parasites (malaria, brain eating amoeba), live in water |
| Heterotrophic | Organisms that cannot make their own food |
| Fungi | Single or multi celled, cell wall, decomposers/heterotrophs, some pathogenic |
| Plants | Multi celled, photosynthesis, cell wall containing cellulose |
| Animals | Multi celled, heterotrophs, no cell walls (we move around a lot) |
| All Cells Have | DNA, membrane, cytoplasm |
| Traits Viruses Share with Living Organisms | DNA/RNA, adapt and evolve, reproduce, display order/organization |
| Why Viruses are Not Considered Alive | Need host to reproduce, don't respond to stimuli, don't grow and develop, no homeostasis, does not use energy |
| Atoms Form: | Molecules (like DNA, H2O, glucose) |
| Molecules Form: | Organelles (like mitochondria, nucleus) |
| Organelles Form: | Cells (creation of life) |
| Cells Form: | Tissues (muscle, nervous) |
| Tissues Form: | Organs (heart, liver, stomach) |
| Organs Form: | Organisms |
| Tissue | Cells working together for a collective purpose |
| Population | Individuals of a species all living together |
| Community | Sum of populations (all the living things) |
| Ecosystem | All living things interacting with their nonliving environment (soil, weather) |
| Biosphere | A collection of all ecosystems |
| Example of Population | All the people living in Roanoke |
| Example of Community | All the people and pets living in Roanoke |
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