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APSM Biology Quiz 5

APSM CA Biology Quiz 5 - 2.6-2.9

TermDefinition
arteries thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart
atria upper chambers of the heart
atrioventricular node causes ventricles to contract
blood pressure force that blood exerts upon walls of blood vessels
capillaries Tiniest blood vessels allow for transfer of dissolved materials to tissues
diastolic bottom number in blood pressure reading; pressure in arteries while heart is resting in between beats
myocardium middle layer of heart, contains actual heart muscle tissue
pulmonary circulation movement of blood between heart and lungs
sinoatrial node part of cardiac conduction system that functions as heart’s pacemaker
sphygmomanometer Measures blood pressure
systemic circulation movement of blood through all parts of body except the lungs
systolic top number of a blood pressure reading; pressure experienced by arteries while heart is beating
veins thin-walled vessel that carry blood to the heart
ventricles thick walled, lower chambers of the heart; bigger than atria
albumin blood protein that helps regulate water content of blood
erythrocyte another name for red blood cell
fibrinogen Part of the plasma that can become a blood clot
globulins broad group of blood proteins that help transport fat and fight infections
hemoglobin iron containing blood protein found in red blood cells, carries oxygen
leukocyte another name for white blood cell
lymph ducts two large ducts that empty lymph into the subclavian veins
lymph nodes enlargement of lymphatic tissue that filters tissue fluid; ex. tonsils and adenoids
lymphatic system portion of immune system that is a drainage and sanitation system for tissue fluid
plasma straw-colored liquid part of blood
platelets tiny disk-shaped cell fragments that help patch blood vessels during clotting
red blood cells Carry oxygen in the blood, outnumber WBCs 1000:1
spleen hand sized organ of lymphatic system; holds emergency supply of bloods; cleans blood of microbes; works with liver to destroy worn out red blood cells
white blood cells blood cells that function as part of the immune system and help to fight disease
atherosclerosis buildup of plaque and scar tissue narrow the inside of an artery
heart attack heart failure caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart
hypertension High blood pressure (anything over 140/90)
stroke Death of brain cells from lack of oxygen due to internal blockage or rupture of blood vessel
alveoli microscopic air sacs of the lunges in which gas exchange takes place
brain stem connects brain to spinal cord; has three regions responsible for most automatic body functions
bronchi tubes that go to each lung, connect to trachea
bronchioles small tubes branching from the bronchi that lead to alveoli
bronchitis inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
carbon monoxide highly toxic colorless, odorless, & tasteless gas, blocks uptake of oxygen
diaphragm thick sheet of muscle that separates thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, responsible for breathing
emphysema progressive deterioration of alveoli caused by malfunctioning enzymes
epiglottis small flap of cartilage in the pharynx that closes the top of the trachea during swallowing
exhalation process in breathing in which air rushes from lungs due to increased pressure
hemoglobin iron containing blood protein found in red blood cells, carries oxygen
inhalation process in breathing where air rushed into lungs due to decreased pressure
larynx enlargement of trachea where speech originates; voice box
lung cancer uncontrolled growth/tumors in lungs
mucus membranes lining of air passages that catch gunk you breathe in, directing it to the throat and then stomach, where germs are destroyed
nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify the air
nicotine Addictive stimulant in tobacco
pharynx throat
tar resinous substance created when tobacco is burned; 60 compounds known to cause cancer
trachea tube that carries air from pharynx to lungs; windpipe
vocal cords structures in larynx that vibrate to produce sound
Created by: samundoacademy
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