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BIOL 241 Exam 1
Basics of life exam 1 09/19/25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify 5 characteristics of life: | 1. Consists of cells 2. Aquire and use energy 3. Posses genetic information 4. Replicate themselves 5. Evolve |
| What best describes a cell? | The fundamental unit of life |
| What is a property of water that makes it necessary for life? | (Water) it is both adhesive and cohesive |
| True of False: A hydrogen bond is typically stronger than a single covalent bond. | False |
| What best describes a covalent bond? | Two atoms that share one or more valence shell electrons |
| Life is based on molecules that contain carbon. How many covalent bonds can be formed with a single carbon atom? | 4 |
| Which element is the backbone of organic molecule? | Carbon |
| True of False: Molecules that consists solely of carbon and hydrogen are hydrophilic, and easily dissolve in water. | False |
| A nucleic acid consists of the following components: | 1. Nitrogen containing base 2. Phosphate group 3. A five carbon sugar |
| What is the name of the sugar in DNA? | Deoxyribose |
| Nucleic acids are capable of complementary base pairing. What represents the correct base pairs? | A-T and C-G |
| DNA... | Stores genetic information |
| RNA... | Carries genetic information |
| Proton: | are positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus |
| Neutron: | are neutral (no charge) particles also in the nucleus |
| Electron: | are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus |
| Atomic number... | is found from protons |
| Atomic mass... | is found by adding protons and neutrons together |
| Covalent bond: | Two atoms that share two or more unpaired electrons |
| How can cells create such diverse living things? | mutations, natural selection, and because they are made up of different components and cells |
| What are the essential features of water? | 1. Water is a polar solvent 2. Wates is adhesive and cohesive 3. Liquid water is more dense than solid water 4. Water has a high capacity for absorbing heat |
| Nonpolar molecules are... | Hydrophobic |
| Adhesive: | Likes to stick to other things |
| Cohesive: | Likes to stick to itself |
| Mole: | a unit of measurement in chemistry representing 6.022 x 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number) |
| Molecular: | is the sum of the weights of all the atoms in a molecule |
| Molarity: | is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution (it tells us how concentrated a solution is) |
| Acid: | compounds that donate a proton and raise the hydronium concentration in water |
| Base: | compounds that take a proton and lower the hydronium concentration in water |
| Energy: | the capacity to do work |
| Kinetic energy: | energy of motion |
| Potential energy: | stored energy |
| Chemical energy: | depends on the bond strength and type of potential energy |
| How many electrons are in carbons valance shell? | 4 |
| What serves as the backbone of organic molecules? | Carbon |
| What are the 6 functional groups of organic molecules? | 1. Hydrogen (H) 2. Oxygen (O) 3. Phosphorus (P) 4. Sulfur (S) 5. Nitrogen (N) 6. Carbon |
| Hydrolysis: | is the breaking apart of a molecule using water |
| What are the four major classes of macromolecules? | 1. Carbohydrates (sugars) 2. Lipids (fats) 3. Proteins (amino acids) 4. Nucleic acids (nucleotides) |
| DNA has ___ acid. (fill in the black) | deoxyribonucleic |
| RNA has ___ acid. (fill in the black) | ribonucleic |
| Different species have: | 1. different chromosomes 2. different number of chromosomes 3. different genes |
Created by:
Madelyn_Haala
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