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Weather & Climate
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Weather | The atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time |
| Climate | The long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth |
| Hydrosphere | System containing all the solid and liquid water on Earth |
| The Sun | The main driver of convection on Earth |
| High-Pressure System | A large body of circulating air with high pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system - clear and sunny, "Happy" weather |
| Low-Pressure System | A large body of circulating air with low pressure at its center and higher pressure outside of the system - cloudy and rainy, "Lousy" weather |
| Convection | Transfer of heat from areas of high thermal energy to areas of low thermal energy |
| Conduction | Transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other |
| Radiation | Transfer of heat through empty space |
| Convection Currents | The transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid (air or water) |
| Fronts | Boundaries between two different air masses (warm or cold), resulting in stormy weather |
| Air Pressure | The force that a column of air applies on the air or a surface below it |
| Hurricane/Typhoon/Cyclone | A rotating, low-pressure system that originates over warm waters |
| El Niño | Unusually warm ocean current that occurs in the eastern Pacific near the equator, and shifts ocean current patterns |
| La Niña | Unusually cool ocean current that occurs in the eastern Pacific near the equator, and shifts ocean current patterns |
| Jet Stream | A narrow stream of high-speed wind in the upper atmosphere, moving East to West |
| Coriolis Effect | Something traveling long distances around Earth appears to move at a curve as opposed to a straight line |
| Warm front | When a warm air mass pushes into a cooler air mass; moves slowly, produces steady rain |
| Cold front | When a cold air mass pushes into a warmer air mass; moves quickly, produces clouds and thunderstorms |
| Equator | The mid-line of the Earth, receives the most direct sunlight due to Earth's tilt |
| Poles | The top and bottom points of the Earth, receives the least direct sunlight due to Earth's tilt |
Created by:
anjali.soni
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