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BIO181 Exam 1

TermDefinition
Cytoskeleton Structural support, movement of materials or in some cases the whole cell
Mitochondria Energy processing (ATP Synthesis)
Plasma Membrane Selectively permeable barrier that separates the internal cellular environment from the external environment
Cytoplasm The region of the cell contained within the plasma membrane
Chloroplasts Photosynthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated with ribosomes. In charge of protein synthesis and processing
Golgi apparatus Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Lipid synthesis and processing
Nucleus Cellular structure that stores genetic information
Ribosomes Synthesis of proteins
Cell Wall Protection and structural support
Vacuole Often a large prominent organelle that functions in storage and maintenance of cell volume Remember: VOLume + vacuOLE
Peroxisomes Small organelles that often contain the enzyme catalase Detoxification! PEROX + DETOX
Lysosomes Digestion and recycling
Nucleoid Location where the genetic material is found in prokaryotic cells
Cytoplasm The region of the cell contained within the plasma membrane
Plasma membrane A structure that forms a barrier between the cell and its external environment
Ribosomes Site of polypeptide synthesis
Pili Hairlike projections that allow cells to attach to surfaces and to each other
Flagella Long appendages that provide prokaryotic cells with a way to move
Cell Wall A rigid structure that supports and protects the plasma membrane and cytoplasm
Glycocalyx The outer viscous covering of many bacteria species, prevents drying out
The mitochondria has a double membrane, where the inner membrane folds into cristae
Chloroplasts structure: a double membrane, where the inner membrane forms sacs called thylakoids
Nucleolus Synthesis of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits
Element Pure substance made up of only one type of atom
Proton Atomic particle with a positive charge
Electron Atomic particle with a negative charge
Atoms Smallest functional units of matter
The Biological Macromolecules: Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates Macromolecules mainly composed of C, H, and O Remember (C)arb(O)(H)ydrates
Monosaccharides Monomers of carbohydrates
Lipids Macromolecules that are defined as nonpolar molecules
Ionic Bond Bond between a cation and an anion (ions)
Covalent Bond Bond in which atoms share a pair of electrons
Hydrogen Bond Bond between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule is weakly attracted to an electronegative atom
Hydrophilic POLAR ICE CAPS HAVE WATER
Unsaturated Nonpolar, double bonds U-turn, creates a kink (C=C)
Hydrophobic Nonpolar, no water
Amphipathic Substances that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
Saturated hydrocarbon chain Is nonpolar, contains all single carbon-carbon bonds (C-C) SATurated = STRAIGHT
Dehydration reaction Removes water (dehydrate) so molecules can link together
Hydrolysis Add water (hydro/hydrate) to break molecules apart
Monomers Subunits of polymers MONO = ONE
Polymers Macromolecules made of two or more monomers POLY = MORE THAN ONE
Nucleotides Make up nucleic acids
Nucleic Acids are: DNA and RNA
Proteins are made of amino acids
Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides
Lipids used for energy storage: fats
Lipids that are steroids: Cholesterol and Hormones STEROL = STEROID
Lipids that are main components of membranes: phospholipid
Lipids in membranes creates a lipid bilayer
Nonpolar fatty acid tails face each other
Fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
Polar fatty acid heads face inside and outside of cell
Fatty acid heads are hydrophilic
Created by: user-1977162
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