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Cell Processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active transport | the movement of molecules across the cell membrane using ATP energy |
| cellular process | any reaction or activity that occurs within a cell to maintain its life functions |
| cellular respiration | a chemical reaction in which organisms convert glucose (chemical energy) and oxygen into ATP (chemical energy) and release carbon dioxide and water |
| enzyme | a protein that acts a biological catalyst |
| homeostasis | the regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions that are suitable for survival |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form of energy to another |
| law of conservation of mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another |
| passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy |
| photosynthesis | a chemical reaction in which light energy is used to produce sugars (chemical energy) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water |
| Activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to start. |
| Active site | the specific part of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. |
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | the main energy carrying molecule of the cell, used to power cellular processes. |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in the process (enzymes are biological catalysts). |
| Cellular transport | the movement of substances into or out of a cell across its membrane. |
| Concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space or membrane. |
| Endocytosis | – the process of a cell taking in materials by engulfing them with its membrane. |
| Energy | – the ability to do work or cause change. |
| Exocytosis | – the process of a cell releasing materials by fusing a vesicle with the cell membrane. |
| Facilitated diffusion | – passive transport of molecules across a membrane with the help of a transport protein. |
| Hypertonicity (hypertonic solution) | – a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell; water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. |
| Hypotonicity (hypotonic solution) | – a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell; water moves into the cell, causing it to swell (and possibly burst). |
| Isotonicity (isotonic solution) | a solution with the same solute concentration as the cell; water moves equally in both directions, so the cell stays the same size. |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Membrane protein | a protein embedded in the cell membrane that helps with transport, signaling, or structure. |
| Molecule | a group of atoms bonded together; the smallest unit of a compound. |
| Osmosis | the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, from low solute concentration to high solute concentration. |
| Permeable / Permeability – describes how easily substances can pass through a membrane. | describes how easily substances can pass through a membrane. |
| Simple diffusion – passive movement of molecules directly through the cell membrane, from high to low concentration, without proteins. | |
| Sodium potassium pump | a type of active transport that uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. |
| Substrate | the specific reactant that an enzyme acts on. |
| Glucose | – sugar molecule used as fuel |
Created by:
mspeicher
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