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carbon

ap bio unit one

TermDefinition
organic chemistry -study of compounds involving covalently bonded carbon -carbon has 4 valence electrons
organic compounds -compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen -most have hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
carbon bonds -can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds -a single carbon can form 4 bonds (leads to chains) -bonds affect length of chains and shape of molecule
carbon chains -carbon forms bonds with other carbons -form skeletons of most organic molecules -many organic molecules contain hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons -in most organic molecules -consist of carbon and hydrogen -simple frame for more complex molecules
skeletons -formed by carbon chains -vary in: -length -branching -double bond position -presence of rings -variations lead to macromolecules
functional groups -chemical groups attached to carbon chains to participate in chemical reactions -Carbonyl -Amino -Methyl -Hydroxyl -Carboxyl -Sulfhydryl -Phosphate
carboxyl group -Oxygen double bonded to a Carbon
amino group -Nitrogen bonded to a Carbon -two Hydrogens bonded to the Nitrogen
methyl group -three Hydrogens bonded to a Carbon
hydroxyl group -an Oxygen and Hydrogen both bonded to a Carbon
carboxyl group -Oxygen double bonded to a Carbon -Carbon also bonded to a Hydrogen and Oxygen
sulfhydryl group -Sulfur and Hydrogen both bonded to a Carbon
phosphate group -Oxygen bonded to a Carbon -Phosphate bonded to the Oxygen -Phosphate has three Oxygens -one is double bonded -other two have a negative charge
polymers in macromolecules -chain-like macromolecules of repeating units that are covalently bond together
monomers in macromolecules -individual repeating units that make up polymers
dehydration reaction -bond of two monomers -OH of one bonds to H of another -the H2O is released -A+B=AB+H2O
hydrolysis reaction -breaks bonds by adding H2O -H bonds to one monomer -OH bonds to other monomer -AB+H2O=A+B
Created by: 26salisburb
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