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ch. 4 cells
ch. 4
| cells | smallest unit of life; can reproduce itself |
| cell theory | all living organism are made up of one or more cells; arise from other preexisting cells |
| prokaryotes | single cell, small. simple, no organelles, circular DNA, ex: bacteria |
| eukaryotes | single or multi celled, large, complex, nucleus and organelles present, linear DNA, ex fungi |
| Plasma membrane | separate cells chemically and physically from environment |
| cytoplasma | jelly like fluid w them all |
| ribosomes | builds proteins |
| cell wall | only in plants; surrounds the plasma membrane; extra support |
| capsule | sticky outer layer |
| pivi | hair like (movement) |
| flagellum | tail (movement) |
| endosymbiosis theory | developed to explain the presence of two organelles in eukaryotes |
| chloroplast & mitochondria | both similiar in size to prokaryotic cells and divided by spitting; have ribosome; small amount of circular DNA and highly related to bacterial DNA |
| eukaryote cell parts | nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, rough ER, smooth ER, golgi apparatus, and mitochondria |
| cytoskeleton | shapes and supports, control traffic, and help movement, plant and animals |
| rough ER | folds and package proteins |
| smooth ER | lipids, phospholipids, steroid, and detox |
| golgi apparatus | processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules |
| mitochondria | convert chemical energy (food); produces atp, co2, and water, animal and plants |
| plant cells | cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles |
| cell wall | nutrient storage and waste management only in plants |
| chloroplast | predator determine and sexual reproductions |
| vacuoles | physical support |
| plasma membrane more | multiple functions. take in food and out, dispute of waste producers, build and export molecule, request flow of materials into and out of cell |
| membrane fingerprints | recognition proteins, cells w or improper fingerprints are recognized as foreign and are attacked by boy defense |
| passive transport | molecules movement with no energy; diffusion |
| simple diffusion | small molecule with no charge |
| facilitated diffusion | molecule with an electrical charge move through proteins, too big to fit through the membrane |
| osmosis | molecule movement occurs without energy |
| tonicity | relative concentration of solutes outside of the cell relative to inside the cell |
| hypertonic | low water outside, high water inside |
| hypotonic | low solute outside, high water inside |
| isotonic | same |
| active transport | transport of molecules with energy |
| molecule are large and moved against their concentration gradient | 1. primary active transport uses energy directly from ATP 2. secondary active transport indirect method of fueling transportation instead of releasing atp |
| tight junctions | water tight seals around the cell, helps anchor cells in place |
| desmosomes | hold cells together but not water tight, like velcro |
| gap junction | form open channels between two cells; large enough for salts, sugars, and amino acids to pass through; cell to cell communication |
| nucleus | animals, plants, directs cellular activity and stores hereditary information |
| lysosome | animal, plants; digest and recycles waste graduates and consumed materials |
| endocytosis | into cells |
| vacuole | sometimes plants and animals store nutrients, provides pigments. and structural support |
| chloroplast | plants,proteins, photosynthesis |
| hydrophilic head | attracted to water, composed of a glyceid linked to phosphorus |
| hydrophobic tail | not attracted to water, composed of carbon hydrogen chains |
| exocytosis | method by which cells export products for use in another location |
| steps of exocytosis | 1. molecules are packaged in the cell 2. vesicle fuses w the cells plasma membrane 3.vesicle contents are released for use throughout the body |
Created by:
esoto87
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