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Cell Organelles
Animal and Plant Cell Organelles
| Term | Function or Descripition |
|---|---|
| Alternate names for Cell Membrane | Plasma Membrane Lipid Bilayer Phospholipid Bilayer Cytoplasmic Membrane Semi-Permeable Membrane |
| Cell Theory (3 parts) | • All living things are composed of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE | regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support |
| CELL WALL | strong, supportive layer of cellulose surrounding the outside of the cell membrane in plant and bacterial cells |
| NUCLEUS | the structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA |
| NUCLEOLUS | site of ribosome synthesis (place where ribosomes are made) |
| NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (MEMBRANE) | double-membrane that surrounds the nucleus, allowing materials to move into and out of the nucleus; contain the nuclear pores |
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (rER) | *contains ribosomes helps to make and transport proteins |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (sER) | makes lipids (fats) and breaks down toxins |
| CYTOPLASM | jelly-like fluid that surrounds all contents inside the cell outside the nucleus |
| RIBOSOME | site where proteins are assembled (site of protein synthesis) helpful notes: ribo refers to the carbohydrate ribose "some" comes from "soma," which means body |
| GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY) | modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| VESICLE | membrane-bound sacs that transport materials around the cell or outside the cell Hint: It’s like a delivery truck that moves proteins, nutrients, or waste to where they need to go. |
| LYSOSOME | sac-like structure that contains enzymes that breakdown any kind of food, cell waste, or destroyed foreign organisms hint: "lys-" means to break down or dissolve |
| CENTRIOLE | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| CYTOSKELETON (MICROTUBULES, MICROFILAMENTS) | network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape; involved in movement |
| MITOCHONDRIA | converts chemical energy in food into compounds the cell can use "Powerhouse of the cell" |
| CHLOROPLASTS | captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| 2-types of VACUOLES | Contractile & Central |
| CONTRACTILE VACUOLE | Acts like a water pump |
| CENTRAL VACUOLE | Found in plant cells. It's a giant storage tank that holds water, nutrients, and waste. It also helps the plant stay firm. |
| PLASMODESMATA | Tiny tunnels, or openings, between the plant cell's cell wall. They let water, nutrients, and signals pass from one cell to another. |
| PROKARYOTIC CELL or Prokaryotes | Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus Single-celled organisms without membrane organelles |
| EUKARYOTIC CELL | Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell |
| 2 Types of PROKARYOTES | Bacteria & Archaea |
| 4 Types of EUKARYOTES | Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista (aka Protists) |
| Parts of the NUCLEUS | Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane (Envelope) Chromatin Nuclear Pores |
| CHROMATIN | Tightly wound strands of DNA |
| ORGANELLES | Part of a cell "little/small organelle" |
| CILIA | Tiny hair-like structures that cover the outside of some cells. They wave back and forth to help the cell move or to push stuff (like mucus or dust) across the cell’s surface |
| FLAGELLA | Long, tail-like structures that whip back and forth to help a cell swim (locomotion) |
Created by:
kingazcp
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