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Biology 1097
ACE PACE Biology 1097 study tool
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Feathers | The unique feature that sets birds apart from all other animals. |
| Pennaceous feathers | Stiff, vaned feathers that provide structure and aid in flight. |
| Plumulaceous feathers | Soft feathers that insulate and provide sensory input. |
| Powder down feathers | Feathers that produce a waxy coating to repel water. |
| Filoplume feathers | Feathers that act as sensors and help monitor feather position. |
| Cracker beak | A short, strong beak used for cracking seeds and grains. |
| Hooked beak | A curved beak used by birds of prey to tear flesh. |
| Crop | A pouch in the esophagus where food is stored before digestion. |
| Proventriculus | The glandular stomach where chemical digestion begins. |
| Philippians 1:20 | “That in nothing I shall be ashamed… Christ shall be magnified… whether it be by life, or by death.” |
| Ventriculus | A muscular organ in birds that grinds food mechanically. |
| Cloaca | A chamber where solid and liquid waste mix before being excreted. |
| Oviduct | The tube through which eggs pass from the ovary to the cloaca. |
| Tiny hair-like structures that move the yolk through the oviduct. | |
| Shell glands | Organs that coat the egg with calcium carbonate to form the shell. |
| Air capillaries | Tiny tubes in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. |
| Trachea | The tube that carries air from the nostrils to the bronchi. |
| Bronchi | Branches of the trachea that direct air into each lung. |
| Anterior air sacs | Air sacs that collect carbon dioxide before exhalation. |
| Semicircular canals | Structures in the inner ear that help birds maintain balance. |
| Cochlea | The part of the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses. |
| Cerebellum | The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement and flight. |
| Midbrain Controls | sight, hearing, and involuntary muscle movement. |
| Pituitary gland | Secretes hormones that control growth and metabolism. |
| Septum | The wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart. |
| Capillaries | Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. |
| Deoxygenated blood | Blood low in oxygen that returns to the heart via veins. |
| Oxygenated blood | Blood rich in oxygen that flows from the lungs to the body. |
| Binomial nomenclature | A system that names organisms using genus and species. |
| Carl Linnaeus | The scientist who developed the modern classification system. |
| Instinctive behavior | Innate actions encoded in a bird’s DNA, like nest building or migration. |
| Nest building | A behavior birds perform to prepare a safe place for laying eggs. |
| Courtship | A ritual used by birds to attract and select a mate. |
| Pairing | The process of choosing a mate during the breeding season. |
| Migration | Seasonal movement of birds triggered by changes in daylight and temperature. |
| Biological clock | An internal mechanism that regulates rhythms like sleep and migration. |
| Ovum | The single cell that becomes the yolk of the egg. |
| Yolk | The nutrient-rich center of the egg that feeds the developing embryo. |
| Albumen | The egg white that cushions and protects the yolk. |
| Shell membranes | Layers that form around the egg to protect it before the shell hardens. |
| Calcium carbonate | The compound that hardens the eggshell |
| Lift | The upward force that allows birds to rise into the air. |
| Thrust | The forward force generated by wing movement during flight. |
| Drag | Air resistance that slows a bird’s movement through the air. |
| Elliptical wings | Short, wide wings that allow quick takeoff and maneuvering. |
| Active soaring wings | Long, narrow wings used for gliding over oceans with minimal effort. |
| Hovering wings | Wing shape that allows birds like hummingbirds to stay in one spot midair. |
| Running feet | Feet adapted for ground movement in flightless birds. |
| Webbed feet | Feet with skin between toes, adapted for swimming. |
| Perching feet | Feet with tendons that lock around branches, allowing birds to sleep without falling. |
| Taxonomy | The science of classifying living organisms into categories. |
| Eight taxa | Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. |
| Chordata | The phylum that includes animals with backbones. |
| Aves | The class that includes all birds. |
| Falconiformes | The order that includes falcons and hobbies. |
| Archilochus colubris | The scientific name for the ruby-throated hummingbird. |
| Eukarya | The domain that includes all organisms with complex cells. |
| Animalia | The kingdom that includes all animals. |
| Carl Linnaeus | The scientist who developed the modern classification system. |
| Binomial nomenclature | A system that names organisms using genus and species |
| Soul | The spiritual nature of humans that sets them apart from animals. |
| Genesis 1:27 | “So God created man in his own image…” |
| Genesis 1:21 | “And God created every winged fowl after his kind…” |
| Genesis 1:21 | “Behold the fowls of the air… your heavenly Father feedeth them…” |
| Psalm 1:1 | “Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly…” |
| Psalm 104:24 | “O Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all…” |
| Joshua 1:7 | “Only be thou strong and very courageous… observe to do according to all the law…” |
| Revelation 4:11 | “Thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.” |
| Job 12:7–10 | “Ask now the beasts… and the fowls of the air, and they shall tell thee…” |
| Romans 1:20 | “The invisible things of him… are clearly seen… so that they are without excuse.” |
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