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bio test 1
bio 116 test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ev. history of a species/group of species | phylogeny |
| The organization of phylogeny | systematics |
| use of pattern traits among living organisms to make phylogenies | cladistics |
| clade system | DKPCOFGS |
| an ancestral species and all of its descendants | clade |
| clades are diagnosed by | shared derived homologies |
| trait shared by common descent | homology |
| similar traits found in organisms but that have NO relation | analogy |
| similar to a clade but not in the clade | outgroup |
| 3 domains | eukarya, archaea, bacteria |
| domain of animals, fungi, plants | eukarya |
| domains that contain prokaryotes | archaea and bacteria |
| 5 kingdoms | monera protista, fungi, plantae, animalia |
| kingdom of prokaryotes | monera |
| 3 shapes of prokaryotes | cocci, bacilli, spiral |
| spherical prokaryote shape | cocci |
| rod shaped prokaryote shape | bacilli |
| some cell walls are made of | peptidoglycan |
| test to determine if peptidoglycan in cell walls | gram stain |
| if gram stain positive it turns | pink |
| 2 ways prokaryotes maintain position | capsule and fimbriae |
| sticky coat | capsule |
| attachment pilli | fimbriae |
| 2 ways prokaryotes move around | flagella and taxis |
| prokaryotes lack | membrane bound organelles and nucleus |
| prokaryotes have large population because | very short generation time |
| prokaryotes large population= | large mutations |
| 3 types of prokaryote recombination | transformation, transduction, conjugation |
| picking up DNA from environment | transformation |
| viruses carry that carry and insert bacterial DNA | transduction |
| one way transfer of DNA | conjugation |
| in conjugation, donor and receiver connect by | sex pilus |
| in conjugation what is passed to the receiver cell? | f plasmids |
| 2 ways to obtain energy[not c] | phototrophs vs chemotrophs |
| phototrophs vs chemotrophs | light vs chemical bonds |
| 2 ways to obtain energy [c] | autotrophs vs heterotrophs |
| autotrops vs heterotrophs | inorganic c vs organic c |
| 3 oxygen levels | obligate aerobes, obligate anaeorobes, facultative anaerobes |
| organism needs O2 | obligate aerobes |
| organism is poisoned by O2 | obligate anaerobes |
| organism doesnt need O2 but not poisoned | facultative anaerobes |
| 3 nutrient cycling | decomposers, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation |
| nitrogen fixation releases | C & N |
| photosnythesis | c->O2 |
| nitrogen fixation | N2->NH3 |
| minimum, optimum, and maximum temps at which organisms can grow | cardinal temperature |
| low temperature organism | psychrophile |
| low temperature organisms have | enzymes that function optimally in cold |
| mid range temperature organisms | mesophile |
| mid range temperature organisms found in | tropical and temperate altitudes |
| high temperature organisms | thermophile |
| very high temperature organisms | hyperthermophile |
| very high temp= | 80*c and above |
| low ph= | <6 acidophiles |
| mid ph= | 6-8 neutrophiles |
| high ph=alkaliphiles | >9 |
| pH in a cell must stay | relatively neutral |
| using plants, fungi, and prokaryotes to detoxify area | bioremediation |
| use organisms to add compounds to ecosystem | biological augmentation |
| protists are mostly _______ _______ | single celled eukaryotes |
| 3 protist metabolisms | autotrophs heterotrophs and mixotrophs |
| photosynthetic protist metabolism | autotrophs |
| protists that feed on organisms | heterotrophs |
| in eukaryotes, mitochondria chloroplasts and plastids acquired by | endosymbiosis |
| 6 protist lineages | excavata, alveolates, stramenophiles, rhizarians, archaeplastida, unikots |
| protist lineage with flagellated parasites | excavata |
| 2 groups of excavatas | diplomonads/parabasalids & euglenozoans |
| 2 kinds of euglenozoans | trypanosoma and euglena |
| protist lineage with alveoli beneath membrane | alveolates |
| 3 groups of alveolates | ciliates apicocomplexans and dinoflagellates |
| example of ciliates | paramecium |
| example of apicocomplexans | plasmodium |
| example of dinoflagellates | crimson tide |
| protist lineage with hairy flagella | stramenophiles |
| 4 groups of stramenophiles | diatoms, golden algae, brown algae, oomycetes |
| protist lineage of amoeboia pseudopodia | rhizarians |
| 3 groups of rhizarians | foraminiferans, radiolarians, and chlorarachniophytes |
| foraminiferans have a shell of | calcium carbonate |
| radiolarians have a shell of | silica |
| protist lineage of plants and algae | archaeplastida |
| protist lineage of fungi and animals | unikots |
| 2 groups of unikots | amoebozoans and opishokonts |
| unikot group of plants and animals | opisthokonts |
| having asexual and sexual phases | alternation of generations |
| unikot group of slime molds | amoebozoans |
| single cells for feeding | slime molds |
| super cell with many nuclei | plasmodial slime mold |
| plasmodial slime molds move by | pseudopodia |
| slime mold with cells seperated by a membrane | cellular slime mold |
| having one set of chromosomes | haploid |
| cellular slime molds are diploiod/haploid | halpoid |
| having two sets of chromosomes | diploid |
| which organism is best able to utilize the reactants (CO2+4H2S) converting them to sugar molecules? | chemosynthetic bacteria |
| what metabolism does an animal who can utilize the reactants (CO2+4H2S) converting them to sugar molecules | chemosynthetic |
| an organism that utilizes the reactants (CO2+4H2S) converting them to sugar molecules has what type of respiratory? | aerobic |
| some organisms lack mouths and a digestive tract but they carry what key component in their tissues that is used to transfer nutrients to their symbiotic partner? | hemoglobin |
| What benefit does the bacterial symbiotic obtain from the relationship with its tubeworm or clam partner? | protection from predators |
| a taxon that includes an ancestor and all of its descendents is | monophyletic |
| first taxa on earth | bacteria |
| total carbon in plants > or < than in animal | > |
| how many years of evolution | 4.5 billion |
Created by:
alispanks1579
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