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Homework for 9/2025
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weathering | the geological process that breaks down and changes rocks and landforms on the Earth's surface, creating smaller pieces through physical, chemical, and biological means. |
| Erosion | the natural process where wind, water, or ice wears away and transports rock, soil, and sand from one location to another. |
| deposition | when water vapor (gas) changes into ice (solid) without going through the liquid phase, such as when frost forms on the ground on clear, cold nights. |
| Cut bank | Where erosion increases on the OUTSIDE of a meander because water speeds up. |
| Point Bar | Where deposition happens on the inside of a meander because water slows down. |
| Delta | A deposit of sediment caused by river / stream entering the large body of water and slowing down the flow of the river water. |
| Alluvial Fan | Deposit caused by water slowing down as the gradient of the hill or Mountain flattens out slowing the water down |
| Gradient | How steep or flat a section of land is. |
| Load | The amount of sediment carried by a moving stream or River |
| Discharge Rate | The amout of water that a river or stream careys in any given amount of time. |
| Oxbow lake | a crescent shaped body of water formed when a meander of a river is cut of from the main channel due to erozone and sediment. |
| Shoreline | the boundary where a body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or river, meets the land |
| Sea Cave | -a natural cave formed by the erosive action of wave action from the sea or large lakes, eroding weaknesses like faults or fractures in a rocky cliff. |
| Sea Arch | a natural rock formation that resembles a bridge, formed by coastal erosion from wave action on a rocky headland. |
| Sea Stack | a vertical rock formation rising from the ocean, separated from the coast by relentless erosion from wind and waves. |
| Beach | a strip of land covered with sand, pebbles, or small stones at the edge of a body of water, especially by the ocean between high- and low-water mark. |
| Wave-cut | Platform-a gently sloping, flat surface of rock that extends from the base of a sea cliff to the low-tide mark, formed by wave erosion. |
| Barrier Island | a long, narrow, dynamic body of sand that runs parallel to the mainland coast, separated from it by a body of water like a bay or lagoon. |
| Sand Bar | a long, narrow sandbank, especially at the mouth of a river. |
| Meander | a windy curve or bend in a road or river. |
| Till | an unsorted and unstratified sediment deposit that consists of a jumbled mixture of all particle sizes—from clay to large boulders—and is deposited directly by glacial ice as it melts |
| Erratic | a rock or boulder that differs from the surrounding rock and is believed to have been brought from a distance by glacial action. |
| Moraine | a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges or extremity. |
| Esker | a long ridge of gravel and other sediment, typically having a winding course, deposited by meltwater from a retreating glacier or ice sheet. |
| glacial groves | long, deep scratches and furrows carved into bedrock by rocks and gravel embedded in the bottom of a moving glacier. |
| outwash | long, deep scratches and furrows carved into bedrock by rocks and gravel embedded in the bottom of a moving glacier. |
| kettle lake | a body of water that forms when a large block of glacial ice buried by sediment melts and leaves behind a depression (a kettle hole) that fills with water |
| striation | the fact or state of being striated. : a tiny groove, scratch, or channel especially when one of a parallel series |
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