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Chapter 1 Biology 2e

Chapter 1 Biology 2e Openstax

TermDefinition
Biology The study of life (from cells → ecosystems → biosphere)
Science Knowledge based on general truths/laws, tested by the scientific method
Hypothesis Testable explanation for an observation
Theory Tested, confirmed explanation for observations/phenomena
Life Sciences Study living things (biology, botany, zoology)
Physical Sciences Study nonliving matter (physics, chemistry, astronomy)
Interdisciplinary fields Biochemistry, biophysics
Inductive reasoning Specific → general (ex: observing brain activity, then generalizing function)
Deductive reasoning General → specific (ex: if climate warms, species distributions will change).
Descriptive science Observation/exploration (inductive).
Hypothesis-based science Testing questions (deductive).
Scientific Method 1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Experiment 6. Results
Basic (Pure) Science Knowledge for knowledge’s sake (e.g., Human Genome Project).
Applied Science (Technology) Solving real-world problems (e.g., DNA testing, cures, crop yield).
Serendipitous definition Occurring or discovered by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Peer-reviewed journals Standard for sharing results.
IMRaD format Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion.
Review articles Summarize primary research.
Properties of Life 1. Order 2. Sensitivity/Response 3. Reproduction 4. Adaptation 5. Growth/Development 6. Regulation/Homeostasis 7. Energy Processing 8. Evolution
Order definition Organized structures (cells → tissues → organs → systems).
Sensitivity/Response definition Reacting to stimuli (plants bending to light, bacteria chemotaxis).
Reproduction definition Passing DNA to offspring.
Adaptation definition Evolutionary fit to environment (heat-resistant archaea, moths with long tongues).
Growth/Development definition Directed by genes
Regulation/Homeostasis definition Maintain stable conditions (temperature, pH).
Energy Processing definition Use energy (photosynthesis, metabolism).
Evolution definition Populations change over time by natural selection.
Levels of Organization Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic No nucleus (bacteria, archaea).
Eukaryotic Nucleus + organelles.
Diversity of Life Evolution Phylogenetic tree
Evolution definition Explains diversity.
Phylogenetic tree definition Diagram of evolutionary relationships.
Domains 1. Bacteria (prokaryotes) 2. Archaea (prokaryotes, extremophiles) 3. Eukarya (protists, fungi, plants, animals)
Branches of Biology - Molecular biology & Biochemistry - Microbiology - Neurobiology - Paleontology - Zoology - Botany - Forensic science - Ecology
Molecular biology & Biochemistry Study of DNA, RNA, proteins.
Microbiology Study of Microorganisms
Neurobiology Study of Nervous system.
Paleontology Study of fossils
Zoology Study of animals
Botany Study of plants
Forensic science Study of biology applied to law (DNA, body fluids, insects, pollen).
Ecology Study of interactions between organisms & environment.
Created by: trumoo312
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