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Test 2:
chapters 27,46,18,20,34,8,26,37,38
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aerobic bacteria | bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow |
| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that can live without oxygen |
| antibody | immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen |
| antigen | foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response |
| antimicrobial | antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth |
| asepsis | absence of disease-producing microorganisms;using methods to prevent infection |
| bacteria | the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents |
| disinfection | process used to destroy microorganisms;destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores |
| endogenous | infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself or herself harbors |
| exogenous | infection in which the causative organism is acquired form outside the host |
| fungi | plant-like organisms that can cause infection (yeast and molds) |
| healthcare-associated infection | nonsocomial;an infection that was not present on admision to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions |
| host | animal or person on or within which microorganisms live |
| iatrogenic | infection that occurs as a results of a treatment of diagnostic procedure |
| infection | disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body |
| isolation | protective procedure designed to prevent the transmision of specific microorganisms;also called protective aseptic techniques or barrier techniques |
| medical asespsis | practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens;clean technique |
| nosocomial | somethin originating or taking place in the hospital;hospital acquired infections |
| pathogens | disease-producing microorganism |
| reservoir | natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms |
| standard precautions | CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status;this category combines universal and body substance precautions |
| sterilization | the process by which all mircroorganisms, including spores, are destroyed |
| surgical asepsis | practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms;sterile technique |
| transmission-based precautions | CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes;used in addition to standard precautions |
| vector | nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one host to another |
| virulence | ability to produce disease |
| virus | smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an elctron microscope |
| Acid | substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released |
| acidosis | condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the ECF, in which the pH falls below 735 |
| actice transport | movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usualy against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy |
| agglutinin | an antibody that causes a clumping of specific antigens |
| alkalosis | condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the ECF concentration, in which the pH exceeds 745 |
| anions | ion that carries a negative electric charge |
| antibody | immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen |
| antigen | foreign material capable of inducing a specidic immune response |
| autologous transfusion | occurs when a patient donates his or her own blood for transfusion |
| base | substance that can accept of trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali |
| buffer | substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkali |
| cation | ion that carries a positive electric charge |
| colloid osmotic pressure | pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure |
| crossmatching | act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens |
| diffusion | tendecy of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established |
| edema | accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces |
| electrolytes | substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution |
| filtration | passage of a fluid through a permeable membrance whose spaces do not allow certain solutes to pass; passage is from an area of higer pressure to one of lower pressure |
| hydrostatic pressure | force exerted by a fluid against the container wall |
| hypertonic | having a greater concentration that the solution with which it is being compared |
| hypervolemia | excess of plasma |
| hypotonic | having a lesser concentration that the solution with which it is being compared |
| hypovolemia | deficiency of blood plasma |
| ion | atom or molecule carrying an exectric chage in solution |
| isotonic | having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared |
| osmolarity | concentration of particles in a solution, or a solution's pulling power |
| osmosis | passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established |
| pH | expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acifity of a substance |
| solutes | substance dissolved in a solution |
| solvents | liquid holding a substance in solution |
| typing | determining a person's blood type |
| accommodation | alteration of existing thoought processes to manage more complex information;process by which intellectual acts are changed to handle increasingly complex information |
| assimilation | proccess of integrating new experiences into existing schemata; process by which a person interprets information to fit the current level of congnition |
| cognitive development | learning that occurs as a result of internal organization of an event, which forms a mental plan and serves as a base for further schemata as one grows and develops(Piaget's theory of cognitive development) |
| development | increase in the complexity of function and progression to skill advancement |
| developmental tasks | successful achievement of psychomotor, psychosocial, or cognitive skills at certain periods in life; failure to obtain the developmental task can leada to unhappiness and difficulty with later tasks |
| faith | spiritual dimensions of a persons life regardless of religious affiliation; confident belief in somehting for which there is no proof or material evidence |
| genomics | the study of the structure and interactions of all genes in the human body, including the interactions with each other as well as the environment |
| growth | an increase in body size or changes in body cell structure, function, and complexity |
| moral development | influence of cultural effects on ones perceptions of justice in interpersonal relationships |
Created by:
elbelmor
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