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IB Biology U1 Test

QuestionAnswer
Define evolution The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of the population
Explain the Darwinian mechanisms of evolution Evolution is random & undefined. Only heritable traits are passed down from an organism's ancestor to its offspring.
Explain the Larmachian mechanisms of evolution Evolution is caused by the environment, an organism's ancestors passes aquired traits to its offspring
What could be evidence for evolution? Fossil record, homologous structures, vestigial structures, artificial selection, observational evidence, DNA
How does DNA porovide evidence for evolution? Shows that there are similar common ancestors
Define selective breeding The process by which humans breed animals % plants for particular traits
Outline the process of selective breeding 1. Choose parents with desired characteristics 2. Breed them together 3. Breed offspring with the desired characteristics 4. Continue the process over generations
What is comparative anatomy? Structures or anatomical features having similar basic structure as in other species said to be homologous (comparing species structures to see if they are homologous)
Explain homologous structures and how they imply common ancestry Homologous structures may have different anatomical uses but have underlying similar structures. Similar bone structures suggests they were inherited from a common ancestor
Define Biological Species Concept A species is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Define organism Any biological species that can function as an individual life form
Define variation differences between members of a group
Differentiate between discrete and continuous variation Discrete: traits that can be put into distinct qualitive categories Continuous: traits that vary along a quantitative continum
Compare variation within and between species Intraspecies (within): differences caused by genes which are heritable Between: variation between species based on how closesly related 2 species are
Linnaeus's system of classification Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Define Morphological Species Concept A species is a group of living things recognizably distinct from all others by their shared structural features or physical characteristics
Define Binomial Nomenclature Two terms used to denote a species; the first term indicates group, the second term indicates specific species
Define limitations of Biological species concept Naturally and artificially produced hybrids doesn't necessarily happen in the wild, yet they can reproduce Variation across geographical ranges is arbitrary since it doesn't reflect the gradation of variation
What is the number of chromosomes in most human 46
Define horizontal gene transfer passing on genes in the same generation (cloning bacteria)
Define karyotype a property of the cell described by the number and type of chromosomes present in the nucleus
Define karyogram A diagram or photograph of the chromosomes present in a nuclerus arranged in a homologous paires of decreasing length
Define genome, gene and allel Genome: entire DNA, all chromosomes Gene: Determines a certain trait Allele: Different versions of the same gene
What are some applications of genome sequencing Identify mutations, molecular evolution, and track pathogen outbreaks
Define DNA barcode and environmental DNA Identifying several species by using the DNA sequence from a small fragment of the genome within an environment
Outline sources of genetic variation Mutation is the source of variation, with new alleles produced by change in DNA. Meiosis allows for crossing over and independent assortment during the formation of the egg and sperm. During sexual reproduction, random fertilization between egg and sperm.
Created by: Mai_izaki
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