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macro-proteins

ap bio unit one powerpoint 3

TermDefinition
protein -molecule made up of polypeptides (polymer of amino acids) -shape determines function
amino acids -carboxyl and amino group -20 different proteins with unique side chains -determines unique chemical and physical aspects -side chains interact to determine shape and function
amino acid side chain groups 1. nonpolar (hydrophobic) 2. polar (hydrophilic) 3. ionic/charged (hydrophilic)
peptide bonds -carboxyl group bonded next to amino group
polypeptides -many amino acids linked by peptide bonds -each has unique amino acid and directionality -each end is unique (N-terminus and C-terminus) -sequence of AAs determines shape (function) -R group interacts and polypeptide twists -forms protein
N-terminus -one end free amino group
C-terminus -one end free carboxyl group
five functions of proteins -1. antibody -2. messenger -3. structural -4. enzyme -5. transport/storage
antibody -a protein function -protects body from disease
messenger -a protein function -transmits signals (hormones)
structural -a protein function -offers structure and support
enzyme -a protein function -carry chemical reactions -creates new molecules
transport/storage -a protein function -binds to and carries small atoms and molecules
four levels of protein structures -primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary -all levels determine function
primary level -determined by genes -dictates secondary and tertiary levels
secondary level -hydrogen bonds cause it to coil and fold in polypeptide backbone
tertiary level -3D folding caused by side chain interactions -reinforced by hydrophobic and disulfide bridges
disulfide bridges -covalent bonds between sulfur and two cysteine monomers
quaternary level -association of 2+ polypeptides -only in some proteins
pleated sheet -hydrogen bonds with polypeptides side by side
alpha helix -hydrogen bonds every 4th amino acid
elements in protein -Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen -Nitrogen -Sulfur
formation order -amino acid to -peptide to -polypeptide to -protein
Created by: 26salisburb
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