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Exam 3

PN111L

TermDefinition
Muscle attached to the Achilles tendon Gastrocnemius (calf muscle)
Endochondral Ossification Process where bone replaces cartilage.
Myasthenia Gravis Autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction.
Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones
Extension Increasing the angle between two bones.
Deltoid muscles location Shoulders.
Diaphragm location Between chest cavity and abdominal cavity, main breathing muscle.
Types of muscles Skeletal (voluntary, striated), cardiac (involuntary, striated), smooth (involuntary, non-striated).
Functions of the muscular system Movement, posture, joint stability, heat production.
Location of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion In the ankle joint
Major bones of the arms Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Major bones of the legs Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
Hematopoiesis The process where the body makes blood cells.
Parts of a long bone Diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), metaphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum.
Types of bones in the body Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid.
Hypertrophy Increase in muscle size due to exercise.
Atrophy Decrease in muscle size due to lack of use
Osteon Structural unit of compact bone.
Osteoblast Bone-forming cell.
Osteoclast Bone-resorbing cell (breaks down bone).
Chondrocyte Cartilage cell
Scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Osteoporosis Weak, brittle bones. Most common in postmenopausal women due to low estrogen.
Origin Muscle attachment to stationary bone.
Insertion Muscle attachment to movable bone.
Rickets Vitamin D deficiency in children.
Osteomalacia Vitamin D deficiency in adults.
Intercostal muscles location Between the ribs.
Strain Injury to muscle or tendon.
Sprain Injury to ligament.
Types of arthritis Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout.
Muscle contraction requirements ATP and calcium (most important electrolyte).
Thick and thin myofilaments Thick: myosin, Thin: actin.
Dorsiflexion Movement bringing top of foot upward toward shin
Plantar flexion Movement pointing toes downward.
Type of muscle contraction maintaining posture Isometric contraction.
Created by: destiny638
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