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Grammar Assesment 3
Review for Chapter 3---Versatile Verbs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Voice | A property of sentences in which the subject is generally the agent, the performer of the action indicated by the verb. Verb phrases in such sentences do not include a form of the "be" auxiliary combined with the past participle. |
| Agent | The initiator/do-er of the action in a sentence. Usually the agent is the subject in an active sentence: "John" groomed the dog. In a passive sentence the agent, if mentioned, will be the object of a preposition: Pam was elected by "the committee." |
| Auxiliary Verb(s) | One of the closed-class words, a marker of verbs; they include forms of "have" and "be," as well as the modals, such as will, shall, and must. |
| Do-support | The addition of the auxiliary "do" to a verb string that has no other auxiliary; this is required in certain questions, negotiations, and emphatic sentences. (showing or giving emphasis.) (does, do, and did.) |
| Helping Verb | (Also called auxiliary verb.) One of the closed-class words, a marker of verbs. Auxiliaries include forms of "have" and "be," as well as the modals, such as will, shall, and must. |
| Modal auxiliary | The auxiliaries may/might, can/could, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to; this adds nuances of meaning to the main verb, referring to probability, possibility, obligation, etc. Other modal-like verbs include "have to" / "be going to." |
| Passive Voice | A property of sentences in which the subject is generally the recipient of the action indicated by the verb. If an agent is included in the sentence, it is usually found after the preposition "by." |
| Past Participle | (written)--en/ed ending, is the form of the verb used with the auxiliary "have" to form the perfect tenses in the active voice and with "be" to form the passive voice. |
| Past Tense | The form of the verb usually denoting a specific past action, state, or event. Regular verbs take an "ed" ending (talked, raced); irregular verbs vary in spelling (were, wrote.) |
| Present Participle | The --ing form of the verb used in the progressive tense (writing.) |
| Present Tense | The base form and the --s form of the verb; help, helps; denotes a present point in time (I "understand" your position), a habitual action (I "swim" every day), or the "timeless" present (Shakespeare "helps" us understand ourselves.) |
| Showing | The demonstration of emotion or evaluation in writing by providing sensory details and action: "The runner grinned as the crossed the finish line" vs. "The runner was happy to win the race." |
| Telling | Description that lacks the kind of sensory details, action, and dialog that would allow readers to evaluate or picture the scene. |
| Time Frame | The part of the verb-tense label indicating time: present, past, or future. |
| Passive Voice continued | Verb phrases in such sentences include a form of the "be" auxiliary combined with the past participle" The editorial "was written" by Jon. |
| Regular Verb | A verb in which the past tense and past participle are formed by adding --ed (or in some cases, --d or --t) to the base, These 2 forms of a regular verb are always identical: I "lived" in Boston. I have "lived" in Boston since 2014. |
| The past participle form of a verb includes an auxiliary verb, like "have." | True; the past participle is a grammatical unit used to create different forms of past tenses. |
| Irregular Verb | Any verb for which the --ed and --en forms are not simply the addition of --d, --ed,, or --t to the base form; they do not have regular inflections. |
| What are the forms of the "be" verb? | Am, are, is, was, were, been, being, and the base form, be. Be is the only verb that has a base form that is different from the present tense. |
| Where is the auxiliary/helping verb usually found? | In the position before the main verb (sometimes more than one verb, sometimes separated by an adverb) EX: My little brother "has" 'read' all the Harry Potter books three times; The company "is" now 'accepting' internship applications. (' = main verb.) |
| What are some common adverbs? | Never, now, rarely, seldom, always, carefully, very, quickly, well, often, here, there. |
| What are the two ways in which verbs are labelled? | They are labelled according to time as present, past, or future, and they are also labelled as simple, progressive, perfect, or perfect progressive. |
| What is a common use of the present tense? | Referring to habitual actions or regular events. |
| What are some other things modal auxiliaries can signal? | Ability, advisability, and obligation. EX: Citizens "can" register to vote (ability) Citizens "should" register to vote (advisability) Citizens "must" register to vote (obligation.) |
| What is the object of the preposition? | The object of the preposition is the noun, pronoun, gerund, or noun clause that follows a preposition and completes a prepositional phrase. To find it, locate the preposition and then ask "preposition + what?" or "preposition + whom?" |
| The transformation from active to passive voice involves 3 steps: | 1. An object, usually the d.o., becomes the subject. 2. A form of "be" is added as an auxiliary; it joins the past participle of the main verb 3. The original agent, if mentioned, becomes the object of the preposition, usually "by." |
| In the majority of passive sentences, no agent is mentioned (T or F?) | True. |
| Sentence chosen for exam: | The passive voice has an important purpose: to shift the focus of the sentence, changing the topic under discussion. This shift is an important tool for sentence cohesion. The passive voice may also be called for when the agent is unknown or irrelevant. |
| What does the passive voice require? | It must have a form of the auxiliary "be" and the past participle of the main verb. |
| How to identify active vs. passive... | To identify an active vs. a passive sentence, ask: Is the subject performing the action, or receiving the action? If the subject is doing the action, the sentence is in active voice. If the subject is being acted upon, the sentence is in passive voice |
| The overuse of the "linking-be" often means a writer is telling rather than showing. | True; EX:The woman "is" tired, She "was" glad her hard day of working "was" over. |
| Active voice verb-string formula | Tense ---> (modal) (have (en))---> (be (ing))---> main verb (the tense and main verb are always required; the auxiliaries "cast" endings onto the next part in the string. The modal takes tense because it comes after it. |
| Passive voice verb-string formula | Tense---> (modal) (have (en))----> (be (ing))----> be (en)---> main verb. The tense, passive be, and main verb are required in this formula. The passive be is always before the main verb. |
| The casted "en" ending will not always be en. | True; it can be en, n, ed. |
| What are the be verbs (these also apply to the passive "be.") | Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, and been. |
| The passive voice requires a direct object (T or F). | True. |
| What is the third person present singular form? | Refers to a verb form used when the subject is a single person or thing other than the speaker or listener (like "he," "she," "it," or a singular noun) in the present tense |
| The direct object... | Receives the action of the verb. It is often an object, person, etc. |
| Does an active sentence require an agent? | Yes, in most cases. The agent (in the active voice) is the subject of the sentence that performs the action indicated by the verb. The passive often omits an agent. EX: The house was built in 1950 (passive.) VS. Henry built the house in 1950 (active.) |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
Popular English Verbs sets