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chemistry of biology
| elements | substance that cannot be broken down into anything else |
| atom and what makes up an atom | smallest unit of an element protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| nucleus | center of the atom |
| protons | positive charge |
| neutrons | no charge (neutral) |
| outside the nucleus, electrons | negative charge, stores energy |
| atomic number | small number on top of letter, tells the # of p+ and e- |
| atomic mass | the decimal number under the letter, to find it = #pro + #nue. when rounding .5 or more round up, .49 or lower round down |
| electrons shell | 1st shell holds up to 2 e- 2ed and 3rd holds up to 8e- |
| valence electrons | electrons in the last outer shell, interacts with other atoms |
| atom is stable when its outer shell is full | |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element w different atomic mass, w different number of neutrons |
| ions | an atom that has an electrical charge, occurs when an atom gains or loses an electron |
| molecules | two or more atoms bonded together |
| compound | molecules composed of two or more different elements |
| covalent bonds and example | shares e-, strongest type of bond, share to become stable ex: each atom of hydrogen has one electron vacancy in its first shell |
| ionic bonds | when one atom transfers one or more of its electron to another atom. once transferred each atom becomes an ion. two oppositely charged ions attract |
| hydrogen bond | bind multi atom molecules together, weak bond, collectively stronger |
| water properties | cohesive/adhesive, large heat capacity, low density as a solid, good solvent |
| cohesive | attraction between water molecules through hydrogen bonds |
| large heat capacity | takes a lot of energy to change the temp of water because of hydrogen bonds |
| low density as a solid | molecules get more closely packed together and become more dense as the temp gets colder the hydrogen bonds spread out more and have an even structure |
| good solvent | able to break apart other molecules |
| Acids | ph of 0-6..fluids that have a greater proportion of H+ ions to OH- ions. H+ ions are very reactive, strong acids are corrosive to metals, break down food in digestive tract |
| Bases | 8-14...fluids that have a greater proportion of OH- ions to H+ ions. OH- ions bind with H+ ions, neutralizing acids, strong bases are caustic to skin, can be found in many household cleaners |
| buffers | can quickly absorb excess H+ ions to keep a solution from becoming too acidic. quickly release H+ ions to counteract any increase in OH- concentration |
Created by:
esoto87
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