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9th Bio Chpt 2
9th Grade Honors Biology Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the basic unit of matter |
| nucleus | the center of an atom, which contains the protons and the neutrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle, constantly moving around the nucleus |
| isotope | one of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of tow or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound |
| van der Waal forces | weak attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and another atom that is slightly negative |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but are not chemically bonded |
| solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | dissolving a substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | scalw with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| acid | a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7 |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7 |
| buffer | a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes to pH |
| monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body |
| lipid | macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and carboxyl group on the other end |
| activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
EllyNicole11
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