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Earth Science Gr7

Chapter 4

TermDefinition
rock naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other materials such as organic matter
grain individual particle in a rock
texture rock's grain size and the way the grains fit together
magma molten rock stored beneath Earth's surface
lava magma that erupts onto Earth's surface
sediment rock material that forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode
rock cycle series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock
extrusive rock igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth's surface
volcanic glass rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals
intrusive rock igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground
compaction process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains
cementation process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains
clastic rock sedimentary rock that is made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments
clast broken piece or fragment that makes up a clastic rock
chemical rock sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize directly from water
biochemical rock sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms
metamorphism process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids
plastic deformation permanent change in shape of rocks caused by bending or folding
foliated rock rock that contains parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals
nonfoliated rock metamorphic rock with mineral grains that have a random, interlocking texture
contact metamorphism formation of a metamorphic rock caused by magma coming into contact with existing rock
regional metamorphism formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size
Created by: carriel
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