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BBL and Enzymes

Building Blocks of Life and Enzymes

TermDefinition
Carbohydrates Made up of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen; used as a source of energy and for structural purposes
Monosaccharides Basic sugar molecules, ex: glucose, fructose, galactose
Polysaccharides Macromolecule formed from monosaccharides used to store excess sugar (many sugars joined together)
Lipids Carbon and Hydrogen compounds of fatty acids and glycerol used to store energy and for biological membranes and waterproof coverings
Nucleic Acids Polymers of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, PHOSPHOROUS - Compounds that store and transmit hereditary or genetic information (RNA,DNA)
Protiens Polymers of Amino Acids of Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen and NITROGEN used to regulate cell processes and form bone an muscle, or transport substances in/out of cells to fight diseases.
Chemical Reaction Changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals by breaking of old bonds and forming new bonds
Reactants elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Activation energy The energy needed to start a chemical reaction - Measured from the starting point to the highest peak in the energy graph
Catalyst substances which speed up chemical reactions
Enzymes Proteins that are biological catalysts - speeding up reaction that take place in cells
Substrates substances that bind with enzymes
Active Site location where substrates (reactants) and enzymes bind
amino acids monomers of proteins
disaccharide two sugars bonded together
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material organisms inherit from their parents
Glucose monosaccharide; the most important carbohydrate
glycogen excess sugar (glucose) stored in animals
starch excess sugar (glucose) stored in plants
monomer small molecule that acts as building block for polymers
polymer large molecule made up of monomers
polypeptide chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
organic anything that contains the element carbon
denature to alter an enzyme (unfold) due to changes in pH, temperature, or salinity
lock and key fit the active site of an enzyme is specifically shaped to fit only one specific substrate
products new substances formed in a chemical reaction (after the arrow)
reactants substances that are present at the start of a reaction (before the arrow); undergoes change
cellulose polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants; gives plants strength and rigidity
induced fit active site of enzyme and/or substrate slightly change their shape to obtain the best (optimal) fit
Created by: sheilamonroe
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