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Exam 2
Pn112L
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is critical thinking in nursing? | Skillful reasoning and logical thought used to determine the merits of a belief or action |
| Why is validating obtained information important? | To ensure the correctness of the information |
| What does it mean for nurses to think purposefully? | Using reasoning and logical thought to decide if their actions are appropriate for optimal patient care |
| What are the five steps of the nursing process? | Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation |
| How is a nursing diagnosis different from a medical diagnosis? | A nursing diagnosis is based on patient responses and defining characteristics, while a medical diagnosis identifies a disease |
| What are subjective vs. objective data? | Subjective: Information from the patient’s feelings. Objective: Observable signs detected by senses (hearing, sight, smell, touch) |
| What are the four techniques of physical assessment? | Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation, Percussion |
| What is the difference between long-term and short-term goals? | Long-term goals guide overall improvement of a problem; short-term goals are measurable actions within a specific timeframe |
| What are the four parts of an outcome statement? | Realistic and specific action by the patient Action the patient is willing/able to perform Measurable action Definite timeframe |
| What are types of nursing interventions? | Direct care, Indirect care, Independent, Dependent, Collaborative |
| Which type of nursing intervention requires a provider’s order? | Dependent interventions |
| Give an example of direct vs. indirect care. | Direct: Bathing, teaching, giving meds. Indirect: Documenting care, care conferences, communicating with providers |
| What questions should be asked during evaluation? | Are diagnoses correct? Are goals realistic/reachable? Were correct priorities chosen? Were interventions effective? Has the patient’s condition changed? |
| What are four types of nursing care plans? | Computerized, Standardized, Multidisciplinary, Critical pathway |
| Which care plan provides daily nursing interventions that change as the patient improves | Critical pathway (aka clinical pathway) |
| What are the steps of clinical judgment? | Recognize cues, analyze them, formulate a hypothesis, prioritize actions, evaluate effectiveness |
| What exam began measuring clinical judgment abilities in 2023? | Next Generation NCLEX (developed by NCSBN) |
| Critical thinking | Skillful reasoning and logical thought to determine the merits of a belief or action |
| Validating obtained information | Ensuring the correctness of the information |
| Thinking purposefully | Using reasoning and logical thought to determine whether actions are appropriate for optimal patient care |
| Nursing process | Framework for decision making in nursing: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation |
| Assessment | Interviewing, physical assessment, subjective and objective findings, and reviewing laboratory/diagnostic tests |
| Diagnosis (Nursing diagnosis) | Analysis of assessment information; different from medical diagnosis; selected based on definitions and defining characteristics |
| Planning | Determining priorities, setting goals, writing outcome statements, and selecting interventions |
| Implementation | Carrying out interventions (direct or indirect care) and documenting actions |
| Evaluation | Reflecting on interventions and determining whether goals/outcomes were met |
| Objective data | Information observed through senses of hearing, sight, smell, and touch |
| Subjective data | Information that comes from the patient’s feelings |
| Inspection | Looking/examining visually |
| Palpation | Feeling/touching |
| Auscultation | Listening (usually with stethoscope) |
| Percussion | Tapping to produce sounds |
| What is maslow's hierarchy of needs | Used to prioritize nursing diagnoses: Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-actualization |
| Long-term goals | General direction to improve a problem over time. |
| Short-term goals | Specific, measurable actions within a set timeframe |
| Outcome statement must include | A realistic, specific action, measurable criteria, patient willingness, and definite timeframe |
| Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) | Contains ~500 expected outcomes coordinated with NANDA diagnoses |
| Types of care plans | Computerized, Standardized, Multidisciplinary, Critical pathway |
| Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) | List of interventions to coordinate with nursing diagnoses |
| Direct care | Performed with the patient (e.g., bathing, teaching, giving meds). |
| Indirect care | Performed away from the patient (e.g., documenting, care conferences). |
| Independent interventions | Initiated by the nurse. |
| Dependent interventions | Require provider’s orders |
| Collaborative interventions | Performed with other health professionals |
| Clinical judgment | Turning critical thinking into nursing actions |
| Steps of clinical judgment | Recognize cues, analyze them, formulate a hypothesis, take priority action, evaluate effectiveness |
| What is communication in nursing? | The exchange of information, feelings, needs, and preferences between two people |
| What are the four personal space zones in proxemics? | Intimate: Physical contact to 18 inches Casual-personal: 18 inches to 4 feet Social-consultative: 4 to 12 feet Public: 12 feet or more |
| How does culture affect communication? | Nurses must recognize and respect accepted patterns of communication in each culture |
| What is attitude in communication? | The manner, disposition, feeling, or position toward a person or thing |
| What is denotative vs. connotative meaning? | Denotative: Literal meaning Connotative: Emotional association |
| What does active listening involve? | Using all senses, interpreting verbal and nonverbal messages, focusing on interaction, and detecting feelings as well as words |
| What is passive (avoidant) communication? | Avoiding confrontation and inability to share feelings or needs |
| What is aggressive communication? | Putting one’s own needs, rights, and feelings before others |
| What is assertive communication? | Standing up for oneself without violating the basic rights of others |
| What is therapeutic communication? | Patient-centered communication that promotes understanding of patient needs, concerns, and feelings |
| Name some therapeutic communication techniques. | General leads, silence, offering self, open-ended questions, restatement, seeking clarification, giving information, reflection, alternatives, summarizing |
| What are barriers to therapeutic communication? | Yes/no questions, false reassurance, too many personal questions, giving advice, belittling feelings, expressing disapproval |
| What does SBAR-R stand for? | Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Readback/Questions |
| What is anger made up of? | Guilt and resentment |
| What is incivility in communication? | Lack of courtesy and respect toward others, verbal or nonverbal |
| How can humor benefit communication? | Creates a relaxed atmosphere, relieves anxiety, builds trust, makes nurse approachable |
| When is humor inappropriate? | When dealing with highly emotional or difficult issues |
| What is upward communication? | Communicating with people in authority (team leaders, providers) |
| What is downward communication? | Communicating with those supervised by the nurse; includes job instruction, rationale, procedures, feedback |
| What must be included in a shift report? | Patient data, safety issues, sensory deficits, scheduled procedures, diagnostic results, assistive devices; oncoming shift must ask questions |
| What is the heart of the nurse-patient relationship? | trust |
| What is empathy? | The ability to intellectually (not emotionally) identify with or experience another’s feelings or thoughts |
| What is a directive interview? | Structured, factual, uses “who, what, when, where, how, do, is” questions |
| What is a nondirective interview? | Uses open-ended questions, allowing the patient to explore thoughts and feelings |
| Name groups with special communication needs. | Deaf/hard of hearing, speech/language impairments, aphasia, vision impairments, mechanical ventilation, unresponsive patients |
| The communication process | The exchange of information, feelings, needs, and preferences between two people |
| Proxemics (personal space) | Intimate: Ranging from physical contact to 18 inches Casual-personal: 18 inches to 4 feet Social-consultative: 4 to 12 feet Public: 12 feet if possible |
| Attitude | The manner, disposition, feeling, or position toward a person or thing |
| Denotative meaning | Literal meaning |
| Connotative meaning | Emotional association |
| Active listening | Uses all senses; interprets verbal and nonverbal messages. The mind focuses on the interaction and detects feelings as well as the spoken words. Builds trusting relationships between the nurse and the patient |
| Passive (avoidant) communication | Behaviors that avoid confrontation and the inability to share feelings or needs with others |
| Aggressive communication | Behaviors characterized by putting one’s own needs, rights, and feelings before those of others |
| Assertive communication | Behavior style characterized by standing up for one’s self without violating the basic rights of others |
| Therapeutic communication | Patient-centered communication; goal is to promote a greater understanding of a patient’s needs, concerns, and feelings. The nurse helps patients explore their own thoughts and feelings and encourages expression while avoiding barriers |
Created by:
destiny638
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