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Intro Human Body
Unit 1 Honors Anatomy and Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| -ology | the science or study of |
| -stasis | standing still |
| -tomy | to cut |
| abdominopelvic cavity | contains the upper abdominal portion and lower pelvic portions, extending from the diaphragm to the floor of the pelvis |
| anatomical position | erect, feet forward, arms at side with palms facing forward, head facing forward |
| anatomy | study of structure |
| Anterior (ventral) | front of the body |
| append- | to hang something |
| appendicular | upper and lower limbs |
| atmospheric pressure | Force exerted on the outside of the body by the weight of the air |
| atoms | smallest unit of matter |
| axial | head, neck, trunk |
| bilateral | both sides |
| cardi- | heart |
| cells | smallest unit of life |
| Circulatory/Cardiovascular System | The body system responsible for carrying materials through out the body through arteries and veins |
| Contralateral | on the opposite side of the body from another structure |
| cranial cavity | contains the brain |
| deep | Away from the body surface; more internal |
| Diaphragm | Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing |
| digestive system | body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| Distal | away from the point of attachment |
| dors- | back |
| endocrine system | Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. |
| epigastric | above the stomach |
| frontal | divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| homeostatic mechanisms | self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed to maintain homeostasis |
| homo-/homeo- | same, alike |
| hydrostatic pressure | The pressure of water against the walls of its container. |
| Inferior | Lower on the body, farther from the head |
| integumentary system | skin, hair, nails |
| internal environment | the fluid surrounding its body cells |
| Ipsilateral | on the same side of the body as another structure |
| Lateral | to the side, away from the midline of the body |
| lymphatic system | Defense against infection and disease |
| macromolecules | A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules |
| Medial | middle |
| Mediastinum | forms a boundary between the right and left sides of the thoracic cavity |
| meta- | change |
| metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| molecules | two or more atoms joined together |
| Muscular System | enables movement of the body and internal organs |
| negative feedback | a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus |
| nervous system | the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. |
| nutrient cycling | taking in food, building and breaking down chemicals to make energy and then giving off waste |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| organism | An individual living thing |
| organs | Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions |
| Parasagittal | sagittal section lateral to midline |
| pariet- | wall |
| Parietal | pertaining to the wall of a cavity |
| parietal pericardium | lines the pericardial cavity |
| parietal peritoneum | lines the abdominal cavity |
| pelv- | basin |
| pelvic cavity | Contains urinary bladder the reproductive organs, and rectum |
| peri- | around |
| pericardial cavity | surrounds the heart |
| pericardial membrane | surround the heart |
| peritoneal cavity | space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum |
| peritoneal membrane | lining of the abdominal cavity that protects the abdominal organs |
| physiology | the study of how the body and its parts work or function |
| pleur- | rib |
| pleural membranes/cavity | a thin membrane with fluid between the two layers that allows the lungs to move easily during ventilation (reduces friction) |
| positive feedback | usually produce unstable conditions - very specific roles and very short lived |
| Posterior (dorsal) | back of body |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment |
| pubic (hypogastric) region | lower middle portion |
| receptors | Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment. |
| reproductive system (female) | -produces and transports eggs |
| -site of fetal development, fetal nourishment, childbirth, and lactation | |
| -secretes hormones | |
| -sexual function | |
| respiratory system | A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. |
| right and left hypochondriac regions | lie on each side of the epigastric region |
| right and left inguinal regions | Right/left side of the pubic region |
| right and left lateral (lumbar) regions | lie on each side of the umbilical region |
| Sagittal | divides body into left and right |
| set point | the point at which one's body tries maintain |
| skeletal system | gives our bodies structure and protects major organs like the heart, lungs, and brain |
| superficial | near the surface |
| superior | toward the head |
| thoracic cavity | cavity housing lungs, trachea, heart, esophagus, and the thymus |
| tissues | groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism |
| Transverse | Divides body into upper and lower parts |
| umbilical region | The centermost region, which includes the umbilicus |
| urinary system | Cleanses the blood. Rids the body of wastes. Maintains salt and water balance. |
| vertebral canal | formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord |
| visceral | relating to the internal organs |
| visceral pericardium | covers the heart |
| visceral peritoneum | covers abdominal organs |
Created by:
KellyKirvin
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