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Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Question | Answer |
| Function of respiratory system | Gas exchange: O2 in, CO2 out |
| Normal adult respiratory rate | 12–20 breaths/min |
| Normal PaO2 range | 80–100 mmHg |
| Normal PaCO2 range | 35–45 mmHg |
| Normal HCO3 range | 22–26 mEq/L |
| Normal O2 saturation | 95–100% |
| Accessory muscle use indicates? | Increased work of breathing |
| Cyanosis indicates? | Hypoxemia (low oxygen in blood) |
| Post-op care for rhinoplasty | Observe swallowing (bleeding), monitor drainage, humidified O2, elevate head |
| Purpose of tracheostomy cuff | Allows ventilator full breath delivery, prevents aspiration |
| Nonpharm sinusitis interventions | Moist steam, fluids, rest, stress reduction, sinus irrigation |
| Purpose of tracheostomy | Bypasses obstruction, facilitates suctioning, temporary airway |
| Priority for trach patient w/ low SpO2 and secretions | Suction secretions |
| Early sign of laryngeal cancer | Hoarseness |
| Most important reason to treat OSA | Prevents heart attack and stroke |
| Best food post-tonsillectomy (first 24h) | Popsicles (cold, non-acidic) |
| Pneumonia signs | Fever, chills, productive cough, crackles |
| TB precautions | Airborne (N95, negative pressure room) |
| Positive Mantoux (PPD) test | Induration ≥ 10 mm (5 mm in immunocompromised) |
| First-line TB drugs | Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide |
| Rifampin teaching | Causes orange body fluids, decreases OCP effectiveness |
| Asthma hallmark | Reversible airway obstruction |
| Status asthmaticus | Severe asthma unrelieved by meds; medical emergency |
| COPD signs | Chronic cough, sputum, barrel chest, clubbing, low O2 sat |
| O2 therapy in COPD | Low flow (1–2 L/min) to prevent hypoventilation |
| Pursed-lip breathing purpose | Prolongs exhalation, prevents airway collapse |
| Pulmonary embolism classic triad | Dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis |
| PE risk factors | Immobility, surgery, DVT, oral contraceptives |
| Chest tube: continuous bubbling in water seal | Air leak (report) |
| Chest tube: no tidaling | Possible obstruction or lung re-expansion |
| Isoniazid teaching | Avoid alcohol, monitor liver enzymes, take B6 to prevent neuropathy |
| Albuterol use | Rescue inhaler for acute asthma/COPD |
| Albuterol adverse effect | Tachycardia, tremors |
| Theophylline therapeutic range | 5–15 mcg/mL |
Created by:
mdues0724
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