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scientific thinking
chapter 1
| steps of scientific method | observation, hypothesis, testable prediction, experiment/collect data, conclusion/revise |
| hypothesis | educational guess based on observation, proposed explanation about a relationship |
| theory | huge hypothesis that has lots of empirical data(tested through experiment), unlikely to change |
| null hypothesis | negative statement that that proposes no relationship between two factors |
| example of hypothesis and null hypothesis | hypothesis: not wearing prescribed glasses can worsen your eyesight null hypothesis: not wearing glasses for a year has no impact on the eyesight |
| testable prediction and example | has to be specific ex: if a group of people with poor eyesight dont wear glasses for a year, their vision will get worst than someone who wears them everyday |
| steps of scientific method | observation, hypothesis, testable prediction, experiment/collect data, conclusion/revise |
| hypothesis | educational guess based on observation, proposed explanation about a relationship |
| theory | huge hypothesis that has lots of empirical data(tested through experiment), unlikely to change |
| null hypothesis | negative statement that that proposes no relationship between two factors |
| example of hypothesis and null hypothesis | hypothesis: not wearing prescribed glasses can worsen your eyesight null hypothesis: not wearing glasses for a year has no impact on the eyesight |
| testable prediction and example | has to be specific ex: if a group of people with poor eyesight dont wear glasses for a year, their vision will get worst than someone who wears them everyday |
| experimental group | group that receives treatment |
| control group | does not receives treatment, gives a comparison |
| variables | anything that can change in the experiment |
| independent variable | what the experience changes/testing, only for experimental group |
| dependent variable | what is the being measured, for all groups |
| example of independent and dependent variable | in- amount of time glasses worn de-progression in eyesight |
| standardized variable | anything that could impact experiment that is always kept the same for both group |
| example of standardized variable | duration without glasses |
| blind experiment | designs human subjects; subjects don't know which treatment(if any) they are receiving and they prevent bias |
| double blind experiment | neither the experimental subjects nor the experimenter knows which treatment the subject is receiving |
| sample size | drawing conclusions based on few observations is risky, measuring greater # of people will draw more accurate conclusion |
| pseudoscience (sodoscience) | scientific sounding claims that are not supported by trustworthy scientific studies |
| anecdotal observations | based on few observations, people assume there is not a link between two things, data more reliable than anecdotes |
| treatment | an experimental condition applied to research subjects |
Created by:
esoto87
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