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Pathophysiology

Foundations

TermDefinition
Pathophysiology study of functional alterations at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ systems level which impacts and involves disease states
Etiology cause of disease (genetics, infectious, environmental)
Pathogenesis disease developments
Clinical manifestations signs and symptoms of a disease
Diagnosis identification of disease
Prognosis likely outcome of disease
Modifiable Risk Factors behaviors or exposures which can be changed: smoking, poor diet, physical activity
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors characteristics that cannot be changed: age, genetics, sex, family history
What Do Risk Factors Allow allow for prevention, early detection, and management of a disease
Treatment based upon result: can lead to surgical or pharmacological
Epidemiology study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. informs public health to make strategies
Incidence number of new cases in a specific time period
Prevalence total number of existing cases
Morbidity to the condition of being diseased; disease rate in a group
Mortality refers to death rates within a population due to a disease
Leading Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, diabetes, alzheimer's disease, unintentional injuries (overdoses, car accidents)
Importance of EBP improve patient outcomes, increases healthcare quality and safety, ensures consistent care standards, support clinical decision-making, reduces potential errors
Strategy/Priority for ABCs prioritize immediate physiological needs
Strategy/Priority for Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs after ABCs, consider other physiological needs (nutrition, elimination, pain relief) before psychological needs
Strategy/Priority for ADPIE apply assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
Strategy/Priority for Safety First prioritize client and and staff safety; fall risk patient needs preventative measures rather than being offered a snack
Strategy/Priority for Least Restrictive/Invasive choose interventions that are minimally restrictive/invasive when appropriate; offer oral meds than an IM first if applicable
Strategy/Priority for Acute vs Chronic/Stable vs Unstable prioritize acute, unstable, or life threatening conditions over chronic or stable ones
Strategy/Priority for Emergent vs Non-Emergent address conditions requiring immediate attention over those that can wait
Strategy/Priority for Delegation Rules understand what can and cannot be delegated to LPN and UAPs
Test Strategies for Identifying Client and Setting note age, diagnosis, comorbidities, and care setting
Test Strategies for Eliminating Obvious Wrong Answers quickly discard options that are clearly incorrect or unsafe
Test Strategies: Look for Umbrella Option sometimes one answer encompasses several other correct, but less comprehensive options
Test Strategies: Avoid Absolute Words be cautious of options containing words like always, never, all, none, and every
Test Strategies: Think Assessment Before Intervention unless client is in immediate life-threatening danger
Test Strategies: Trust Your Gut Feeling after careful reading, your first instinct is often correct if you've studied well
Test Strategies: Expected vs Unexpected Findings identify what is normal or expected for a given condition vs what is an abnormal or critical finding
Clinical Judgement: Analyze Cues organize and interpret the recognized cues, linking them to the client' condition and underlying pathophysiology
Clinical Judgement: Prioritize Hypotheses generate possible explanations or solutions for the clients problem and rank them by urgency and likelihood
Clinical Judgement: Generate Solutions develop a plan of care by identifying expected outcomes and appropriate nursing interventions for the prioritized hypotheses
Clinical Judgement: Take Action implement the most appropriate and prioritized nursing interventions
Clinical Judgement: Evaluate compare observed outcomes with expected outcomes to determine the effectiveness of nursing actions
Created by: mamoody246
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