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USC Music
USC's first music appreciation tes according to Materials of Music
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Melody | The line, or tune, in music. Succession of single pitches we perceive as a recognizable whole. |
| Melody is unique in? | Contour and range |
| Contour | How a melody moves up and down |
| Range | Span of pitches in a melody |
| Interval | Distance between any two pitches |
| Conjunct melody | Moves in small connected intervals |
| Disjunct melody | Moves by interval leaps |
| Phrases | Units that make up a melody |
| Cadences | Resting places at the end of a musical phrase |
| Countermelody | Secondary melody |
| Rhythm | What moves the music forward in time |
| Meter | Marked off in measures, organizes beats in music |
| Measures | Rhythmic group that contains a fixed number of beats |
| Downbeats | First beat of a measure |
| Simple meters | Duple, triples, or quadruple |
| Compound meters | Subdivide each beat int three, rather than two, sub beats |
| Upbeats | Last beat of a measure, weak beat, which anticipates the up beat |
| Off beats | A weak beat or any pulse between the beats in a measured rhythmic pattern |
| Syncopation | The deliberate upsetting of the meter or pulse through a temporary shifting of the accent to a weak or offbeat |
| Polyrhythm | The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns or meters |
| Additive meters | Patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller irregular groups, for example 2+3+2+3=10 |
| Nonmetric rhythm | Describes music lacking a pulse |
| Harmony | Describes the vertical events in music, or how they sound together |
| Chord | The simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches. Built from a particular scale or sequence of pitches |
| Scales | Series of tones in ascending or descending order that may represent the notes of a key |
| Key | Defines the relationship of tones with a common center or tonic |
| tonic | First note of a scale or key. Central tone around which a melody and its harmonies are built |
| Tonality | The principle of organization around a tonic, or home pitch, based on a scale. |
| Triad | Three note chord. Most common chord in Western music. Built on alternate pitches of a scale. |
| Major and minor scale | The two scales that most Western music is based on and from which the melody and harmony come from. |
| Dissonance | Unstable or discordant combinations of tones. |
| Consonance | Occurs with the resolution of dissonance, producing a stable or restful sound. |
| Octave | The interval spanning eight notes of the scale. |
| Half step | The smallest interval. The octave is divided into twelve half steps. |
| Whole step | Two half steps |
| Chromatic scale | The name for all twelve notes in order |
| Diatonic scale | Built on whole and half steps forming the major and minor scales. |
| Sharp | (#) symbol that raises a tone by a half step. |
| Flat | (b) symbol that lowers a tone by a half step. |
| Microtones | Intervals smaller than a half step, used in world music |
| Tonic chord | Built on the first scale tone, is home base to which active chords (dominant and subdominant) need to resolve. |
| Transposition | Shifting the pitch level of an entire work. |
| Modulation | Changing key during a work. |
| Musical Texture | Refers to the interweaving of the melodic lines with harmony in music |
| Monophony | The simplest texture. Single voiced music without accompaniment, melody without chords. |
| Heterophony | Multiple voices elaborating the same melody at the same time. |
| Polyphony | Many voiced texture based on counterpoint (one line set against another). |
| Homophony | One melodic voice is prominent over the accompanying lines or voices. |
| Imitation | When a melodic idea is presented in one voice, then restated in another. Canons and rounds. |
| Form | The organizing principle in music. Its basic elements are repetition, contract, and variation. |
| Strophic form | Common in songs, features repeated music for each stanza of text. |
| Binary form | A-B form |
| Ternary form | A-B-A form |
| Theme | A melodic idea in a large scale work. |
| Motives | Fragment of a theme |
| Sequence | Motive repeated at a different pitch. |
| Call and response | Responsorial, repetitive style involving a soloist and a group. |
| Improvisation | Created spontaneously in performance. |
| Ostinato | The repetition of a short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern. |
| Movements | Large scale compositions divided into sections. |
| Tempo | The rate of speed, or pace, of the music. |
| Allegro | Fast |
| Moderato | Moderate |
| Adagio | Quite slow |
| Accelerando | Speeding up |
| Ritardando | Slowing down |
| Dynamics | How loud or how soft the music is played. |
| Forte | Loud |
| Piano | Soft |
| Scat-singing | Used in jazz using made up syllables. |
| Secular | Nonreligious music sung in the vernacular, the language of the people |
| Sacred | Religious music, sung in Latin, the language of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Syllabic | Each syllable of the song text may get one note. |
| Neumatic | One syllable may get a few notes. |
| Melismatic | One syllable may get many notes. |
| Timbre | The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument from another. |
| Instrument | Generates vibrations and transmits them into the air. |
| Soprano | High female voice |
| Alto | Low female voice |
| Tenor | High male voice |
| Bass | Low male voice |
| Aerophones | Flutes, horns, etc. (Wind instruments) |
| Chordophones | Violins, guitars, etc. (String instruments) |
| Idiophones | Bells, cymbals, etc. |
| Membranophones | Drums |
| String | Instruments that are bowed or plucked. |
| Bowed | Instruments include violin, viola, cello, and double bass. |
| Plucked | Instruments include harp and guitar. |
| Woodwind | Instruments include flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and saxophone. |
| Brass | Instruments include trumpet, French horn, trombone, and tuba. |
| Percussion | Instruments include(idiophones) xylophone, cymbals, triangle, (membranophones) timpani, and bass drum. |
| Piano and organ | Do not fit neatly into the Western music classification system. |
| A cappella | Singing with no accompaniment. |
| Chamber music | Ensemble music for a small group, with one player per part. |
| String quartet | Two violins, viola, and cello. |
| Woodwind quintets | Flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and horn (not a woodwind). |
| - Brass quintets | Two trumpets, horn, trombone, and tuba. |
| Orchestra | The modern orchestra has eighty to one hundred players. |
| Conductor | person who beats patterns with a baton to help performers keep the same tempo. Used in large ensembles. |
| Sacred music | For religious functions. |
| Secular music | For nonreligious functions |
| Genres | Categories of music, some cross over categories, borrowing elements from one style for use in another. |
| Medium | The specific type of group that performs the piece. |
| - Oral transmission | Music that is not written down. |
| Early Christian period | 400-600 |
| Gregorian chant | 600-850 |
| Romanesque period | the development of polyphony 850-1150 |
| Renaissance period | 1450-1600 |
| Baroque period | 1600-1750 |
| Classical period | 1750-1825 |
| Romantic period | 1820- 1900 |
| Post Romantic and Impressionist period | 1890-1915 |
Created by:
ginger.hester
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