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Unit 3 Biology
Cell Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | First person to identify and see cork cells |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | The first to see and describe Microorganisms under a microscope "Little Beasties" |
| Matthias Schleiden | Said all plant tissues are made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | Said all animals are made of cell |
| Rudolph Virchow | Said that cells could only arise from pre-existing cells, disproving the theory of Spontaneous Generation , |
| Cells | The basic unit of life |
| Prokaryote | PRO NO--- NO NUCLEUS |
| Eukaryote | EU DO--- DO HAVE A NUCLEUS |
| Passive Transport | The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using energy |
| Active Transport | The movement of materials with the input of energy, against a concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | The movement of PARTICLES from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | The movement of WATER from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Endocytosis | Type of transport that involves the movement of materials into the cell by means of INFOLDING, or pockets of the cell membrane |
| Exocytosis | The process by which vesicles with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular matrix |
| Phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which the extensions of the cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole |
| Hypertonic | The solution with a higher concentration of SOLUTE Water LEAVES the cell |
| Hypotonic | The solution with the lower concentration of SOLUTE Water ENTERS the cell |
| Isotonic | Solutions in which the concentrations are EQUAL |
| Nucleus | The organelle that contains nearly all the cell's DNA BRAIN OF THE CELL |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus: CARRYOUT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
| Cytoplasm | The thick, jelly-like solution that fills the cell Helps give the cell its shape: BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS |
| Cytoskeleton | The internal network of proteins filaments that act as a highway system in a cell: PROVIDES SUPPORT AND STRUCTURE |
| Centrioles | Structure composed of tubulin that helps organize the cell during cell division |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane that SUPPORTS and PROTECTS the Cell |
| Cell Membrane | REGULATES what enters and leaves the cell |
| Chloroplast | Carry out PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
| Mitochondria | Converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use through the process of Cellular Respiration |
| Smooth ER | Involved in the transportation of membrane lipids |
| Rough ER | Involved in the synthesis of proteins RIBOSOMES ARE FOUND |
| Vacuoles | Stores water, nutrients, and waste |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins |
| Cell Theory | All Living Things are composed of cells Cells come from preexisting cells Cells are the Basic Unit of Life |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Where molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels without use of energy |
Created by:
jlelliott
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