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AP Bio Unit 1

Vocab

TermDefinition
Element a pure substance made up of only one type of atom (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, etc.)
Atom the smallest unit of an element, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons (Carbon - 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. 4 of those electrons are valence electrons and can form bonds.)
Proton a positively charged particle found in the nucleus (center) of an atom (H+ (a hydrogen ion is a proton))
Electron a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom (e-)
Molecule a group of two or more atoms bonded together (Water: H2O = two hydrogen and one oxygen Glucose: C6H12O6 = 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen)
Solvent a substance that dissolves another substance, forming a solution. The solvent is the main liquid. (Water)
Solute a substance that is dissolved to form a solution (Salt, Sugar)
Polar a molecule with a positive and negative end (Water)
Nonpolar a molecule with an even distribution of charge (O2, Most lipids)
Ion Atom or molecule with a positive or negative charge H+ (hydrogen ion) Na+ (sodium ion) Cl- (chlorine ion)
Covalent Bond connection between two atoms formed when they share electrons.
pH a scale that measures how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral
Reactants The substances at the start of a chemical reaction
Products The substances at the end of the chemical reaction
Electronegativity the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. How much an atom wants electrons.
Isotope an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons
Created by: user-1963807
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