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Microbiology
Nightingale - all chapters quizzes
| Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? | Propionibacterium shermanii |
| Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols? | Psittacosis (Psittacosis is a disease caused by bacteria that often infect birds) |
| The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the | phase-contrast microscope. |
| An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) __. | Isotope |
| The atomic number equals the number of | protons |
| The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is | uracil |
| Isotopes are atoms with | the same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons. |
| When the solute concentration outside a cell is the same as the concentration inside the cell, the solution is called __. | isotonic |
| 1. Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells? a. Ribosomes b. Capsule c. Plasma membrane d. DNA | b. Capsule |
| 2. Bacterial capsules are important in: a. Storage b. Protein synthesis c. Reproduction d. Survival | d. Survival |
| 3. The cell organelles responsible for the packaging of proteins are the: a. Ribosomes b. Golgi complexes c. rER d. Lysosomes | b. Golgi complexes |
| 4. The cell organelle found only in algae and plant cells is the: a. Chloroplast b. Mitochondria c. Vacuole d. Vesicle | a. Chloroplast |
| 5. The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of: a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Bicarbonate d. Sulfate | b. Potassium |
| 6. Which of the following is an active transport mechanism? a. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Filtration d. Pinocytosis | d. Pinocytosis |
| 7. Which of the following is an enzyme? a. Fructose b. Ligase c. Dextrose d. Lactose | b. Ligase |
| 8. The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic acid is: a. Citric acid b. Pyruvic acid c. Acetyl-CoA d. Phosphoglyceraldehyde | c. Acetyl-CoA |
| 9. The anticodons are located in: a. tRNA b. rRNA c. mRNA d. Ribosomes | a. tRNA |
| 10. In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase | c. Anaphase |
| 11. Cells without a nucleus are __________ cells. | Prokaryotic |
| 12. The sterol-like molecules in bacterial plasma membranes are __________. | Hopanoids |
| 13. A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes is a(n) __________. | Lysosome |
| 14. The allosteric site is present in __________. | Enzymes |
| 15. The organelle necessary for photosynthesis is a(n) __________. | Chloroplasts |
| 16. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. | Prokaryotic cells: • 70s ribosomes • No nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • DNA and RNA Eukaryotic cells: • 80s ribosomes • Nucleus • Membrane-bound cell organelles • DNA and RNA |
| The main function of spores in eukaryotic cells is __. | propagation |
| The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are | Cilia |
| Formic acid is a fermentation product of | Actinomyces |
| Enzymes that remove functional groups from a substrate without adding water, or that add functional groups to a double bond, are called | lyases |
| Which of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances? | Peroxisomes |
| The actual genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its | genotype |
| Chitin is a component of the cell wall of | fungi |
| Pili are also called | fimbriae |
| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 25° C and 40° C) are called | Mesophiles |
| Methanogens are __ that grow in anaerobic environments such as swamps. | archaea |
| Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called __. | obligate aerobes |
| Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by | Binary fission |
| Psychrophiles are also referred to as | cryophiles |
| Staphylococci are __ facultative anaerobes | Gram-positive |
| Which part(s) of a virus aid in the attachment to the host cell membrane receptors? | Spikes |
| The suffix -virales is given to the following terms within the taxon | Order |
| The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to | Adenoviridae |
| Picornaviridae are __ viruses. | RNA |
| The study of fungi is called __. | mycology |
| Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? | Helminths |
| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? | Enterobius vermicularis |
| The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n) __. | mitosome |
| Boiling items in water for __________ minutes will kill most vegetative bacteria and viruses. | 10-15 |
| The food preparation process in which not all microorganisms are killed, but the number of microbes capable of spoiling the food or causing disease is reduced, is called | Pasteurization |
| Which of the following methods is the simplest heat-related method to sterilize metal? | Direct flaming |
| The term “zone of inhibition” is used in which of the following procedures? | Disk-diffusion test |
| Decontamination is defined as the | reduction or removal of unwanted chemical or biological agents. |
| Which of the following stains is the most widely used differential stain in hematology laboratories? | Wright’s stain |
| The stain used to identify bacteria with a large amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls is the | Gram stain. |
| Which of the following media is often used to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Middlebrook’s medium |
| Which of the following systems can be used for the identification of Neisseria? | Gonocheck |
| Nigrosin is a stain used in | negative staining. |
| Drugs and substances with a high probability for abuse with no therapeutic use and a lack of safety controls are classified as Schedule __. | I |
| When drug receptors are maximally activated it is referred to as the | peak effect. |
| All of the following are ways the kidney are used for urine formation and drug clearance except | Tubular filtration |
| The generic name of a drug refers to its __________ name | nonproprietary |
| Heroin is considered a schedule ____ drug. | I |
| Which of the following drugs is effective against Candida albicans? | Amphotericin B |
| All of the following are general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs except | Lipid synthesis inhibition |
| Prontosil, a dye, was first used as an antibiotic by | Domagk |
| Which of the following antimicrobials is effective against mycobacteria? | Rifampin |
| ____________ is a recently approved drug approved for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute skin infections. | Nuzvra (omadacycline) |
| When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is called a(n) __________ infection. | focal |
| Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission? | Insect |
| A disease that is generally present in a given population is | endemic |
| Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as | iatrogenic infections. |
| Bacterial endotoxins are | components of the gram-negative cell wall. |
| Which of the following blood types cannot receive a blood transfusion from type O blood type? | All blood types can |
| The antibody found in body secretions is | IgA. |
| When an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different individuals it is called a(n) | allograft |
| Which of the following is a systemic autoimmune disease? | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| A substance capable of raising the body temperature is | pyrogen |
| Acne is caused by | Propionibacterium acnes |
| The most important fungi that cause diseases of the skin, hair, and nails are called | dermatophytes |
| Variola virus of the orthopoxvirus family causes the acute, highly contagious disease | smallpox |
| Herpes simplex infections on lips and in the mouth are most commonly caused by | HSV-1. |
| Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of skin infections and toxic shock syndrome? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Diaper rash in infants is commonly caused by | Candida albicans. |
| A chronic localized subcutaneous infection characterized by verrucoid lesions on the skin is | chromoblastomycosis |
| Subcutaneous mycoses occur predominantly in the | tropics |
| A tinea infection in the groin area is commonly called “__.” | Jock itch |
| Warts are commonly caused by the | human papillomavirus. |
| __ is a gram-negative coccobacillus and a common cause of bronchiolitis in children, bronchitis in adults, and occasionally meningitis. | Haemophilus influenza |
| The bacterium Mycoplasma pneumonia is unique in that it lacks a(an) __. | Cell Wall |
| Which of the following cannot be and should not be treated with antibiotics? | Common cold |
| Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacillus that causes disease occurring in two distinct forms: __ and __. | Pontiac Fever and Legionnaire’s disease |
| Tuberculosis is transmitted primarily through | aerosols |
| Rheumatic fever is a rare complication of __. | Strep Throat |
| The “strawberry tongue” symptom is often associated with | scarlet fever. |
| Influenza is caused by two species of __. | Orthomyxoviruses |
| The three forms of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis are __, __, and __. | Inhalational, cutaneous, gastrointestinal |
| The formation of a “fungus ball” within preexisting cavities is a common development in | pulmonary aspergillosis |
| Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium | Salmonella enterica. |
| __ is the largest protozoan parasite of humans. | Balantidium coli |
| Bacillary dysentery is also called | shigellosis |
| Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic diarrheal disease caused by Cryptosporidium, which is a(n) __. | Protozoan |
| The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis lives in the __________ of humans. | rectum |
| Botulism is a disease caused by the production of a potent neurotoxin by bacteria of the genus | Clostridium |
| Trichuriasis is an intestinal infection caused by the roundworm __. | Trichuris trichiura |
| Microbial life on teeth was first observed by | Van Leeuwenhoek. |
| Botulism is caused by __. | Clostridium botulinum |
| A periodontal disease that is restricted to the gums is an inflammation called __. | Gingivitis |
| Chemically, prions are __. | Proteins |
| Otitis media is most commonly caused by which microorganism? | Streptococcus pneumonia |
| The first oral polio vaccine was introduced by Albert Sabin in | 1961 |
| Poliomyelitis is caused by a virus belonging to the family | Picornaviridae |
| The most virulent of all botulinum toxins is considered to be type. | A |
| Malaria is caused by a | protozoan |
| The term used to describe an inflammation of the saclike membrane surrounding the heart is | pericarditis |
| Chagas’ disease is caused by __. | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| The bacterium most frequently found to be involved in gas gangrene is __ __. | Clostridium perfringens |
| The toxic condition caused by the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from the site of infection is called __. | sepsis |
| An effective method for treating a UTI is | regimen of antibiotic amoxicillin. |
| The group most susceptible to recurring UTIs is | women |
| The reverse flow of urine from the bladder up the ureters and back into the kidneys is called __. | vesicoureteral reflux |
| Glomerulonephritis is also referred to as __. | Bright's disease |
| Statistics indicate that the rate of UTIs in women increases with __ and __. | age, sexual activity |
| Methods typically used to diagnose bacterial infections of the reproductive system include | microscopic examination of discharge from infected organ and microscopic examination of urine for organisms. |
| Symptoms of prostatitis include | painful urination, fever and chills, and weak urine flow. |
| The normal flora present in the healthy male reproductive system is best characterized as | sterile, no normal flora. |
| Vaginal infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called | endogenous infections. |
| The organism that is responsible for the vast majority of cases of fungal vaginitis is | Candida albicans. |
| Saddle nose is characteristic of which of the following congenital infections? | Syphilis |
| Infectious diseases in the adult population are responsible for about one third of all deaths in individuals over the age of | 65 years |
| The neonatal infection referred to as “sticky eye” is caused b | Staphylococcus |
| The virus most commonly transmitted during pregnancy is | cytomegalovirus. |
| In humans, the embryonic phase of development extends from fertilization to the end of week __________, after which the developing infant is called a fetus. | 8 |
| Specific small niches in which populations and guilds within a community reside are referred to as | microhabitats |
| Which of the following diseases was declared by the WHO in 1980 to be eradicated? | Smallpox |
| Which of the following is a Category A agent? | Bacillus anthracis |
| Category B agents would include | Vibrio cholerae. |
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prispeguero
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