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Nature of Science
Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| empirical evidence | observations, measurements, and other types of data that people gather and test to support and evaluate scientific explanations |
| theory | the explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning; that is supported by a large quantity of evidence; and that does not conflict with any existing experimental results or observations |
| law | a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions ( |
| experiment | an organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions |
| hypothesis | a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
| dependent variable | in a scientific investigation, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more independent variables |
| observation | the process of obtaining information by using the senses, the information obtained by using the senses |
| independent variable | in a scientific investigation, the factor that is deliberately manipulated |
| data | information such are facts and numbers that are used to analyze something or descison |
| model | a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept |
| engineering | the application of science and mathematics to solve real-life problems |
| technology | the application of science for practical purposes; the use of tools, machines, materials, and processes to meet human needs |
| prototype | a test model of a product |
| trade off | the giving up of one thing in return for another, often applied to the engineering design process |
| risk benefit analysis | a process that evaluates potential risks against potential benefits to guide informed decisions about an intervention, strategy, or action. |
| life cycle analysis | a process of evaluating the effects that a product has on the environment over the entire period of its life thereby increasing resource use efficiency and decreasing liabilities |
| Pugh chart | a chart that consists of a table where the criteria are listed on the y-axis and the options are listed on the x-axis |