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Bio H 1A Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates: tests | Benedict and Iodine |
| Carbohydrates: monomers + examples | Monosaccharide (glucose, glycerol) |
| Carbohydrates: polymer | Polysaccharide (starch, cellulose, glycogen) |
| Carbohydrates: elements | CHO |
| Carbohydrates: function | Quick energy |
| Carbohydrates: unique bond | Glycosidic |
| Carbohydrates: food sources | Bread, sugar |
| Lipids: tests | Brown paper bag, sudan |
| Lipids: monomers + examples | Glycerol, fatty acid (unsaturated and saturated) |
| Lipids: polymer | Triglyceride |
| Lipids: elements | CHO |
| Lipids: function | Long-term energy (nonpolar, water insoluble) |
| Lipids: unique bond | Ester |
| Lipids: food sources | Fats, oils, meat |
| Proteins: tests | Biuret |
| Proteins: monomers + example | Amino acid |
| Proteins: polymer + example | Polypeptide (lipase, hemoglobin, insulin) |
| Proteins: elements | CHON |
| Proteins: function | Enzymes, transport, defense, storage |
| Proteins: unique bond | Peptide |
| Proteins: food source | Meat, poultry, eggs, etc. |
| Nucleic acid: test | None |
| Nucleic acid: monomer | Nucleotide |
| Nucleic acid: polymer + example | DNA and RNA |
| Nucleic acid: elements | CHONP |
| Nucleic acid: function | DNA: genetic information; RNA: information to make amino acids |
| Nucleic acid: unique bond | Phosphodiester |
| In which bond does one element completely donate its atoms? | Ionic |
| Which two types of elements are involved in an ionic bond? | Nonmetal and metal |
| In which bond does unequal sharing of electrons happen? | Polar covalent |
| In which bond does equal sharing of electrons happen? | Nonpolar covalent |
| Which elements can hydrogen bond to in a hydrogen bond? | F, O, N (fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen) |
| If a hydrogen and oxygen atom come close to each other, what happens? | Oxygen takes an electron from hydrogen; oxygen becomes slightly positively charged, hydrogen becomes slightly negatively charged, they attract. |
| Are carbs polar or nonpolar? | Polar |
| Are lipids polar or nonpolar? | Nonpolar |
| What is the smallest unit in the world? | Atom |
| What dissolves a solute? | Solvent |
| What gets dissolved in a solvent? | Solute |
| What is an organic molecule? | A molecule made mostly of hydrogen or carbon |
| How many times does carbon bond? | 4 times |
| Does a lower or higher pH mean it's more acidic? | Lower |
| How do you find the atomic mass of an element? | Add number of protons and neutrons |
| In adhesion, water sticks to ______ | Other objects |
| In cohesion, water sticks to ______ | Other water molecules |
| Adhesion and Cohesion are ______ | Capillary action |
| What is the ratio of elements in carbohydrates? | 1:2:1 (1 carbon:2 hydrogen:1 oxygen) |
| Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are all examples of _____. | Disaccharides |
| How do any two types of amino acids differ from one another? | Chemical structure of the R group |
| What do buffers do? | Prevent small amounts of acid or base from changing the pH of blood by accepting or donating H+ |
| At what point does a polypeptide chain become a protein? | Tertiary structure |
| What are the names of the protein structures in order from smallest to largest? | From polypeptide chain to: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure. |
| What are the nitrogenous bases for DNA? | A, T, C, G |
| What are the nitrogenous bases for RNA? | A, U, C, G |
| What is the outside structure of a DNA helix? | Pentose sugar |
| What is the name of the bond in between nucleic acid molecules? | Phosphodiester bond |
| The concentration of _________ determines the level on a pH scale. | H+ |
| What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of 10^-12 M? | pH 12 |
| What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of 10^-12 M? | pH 2 |
| What is high specific heat in water? | Water needs a lot of energy to change temperature |
| High heat of vaporization in water means _______ | It takes a lot of energy to evaporate water |
| What is responsible for surface tension in water? | Cohesion |
| What is the process of adding water to separate a polymer? | Hydrolysis |
| What is the process of removing water to combine monomers? | Dehydration synthesis |
| Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose and deoxyribose are examples of _______. | Monosaccharides |
| Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are examples of _______. | Polysaccharides |
| A bond between glycerol and a fatty acid is an ________. | Ester bond |
| How do trans and cis unsaturated fats differ? | In trans unsaturated fats, the hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides on the double bonded carbon atoms. |
| What are enzymes? | Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up. |
| What type of macromolecule are most enzymes? | Proteins. |
| What is the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds called? | Active site |
| What is the substance that an enzyme acts on called? | Substrate |
| What is formed after an enzyme acts on its substrate? | Product |
| How do enzymes speed up reactions? | By lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction. |
| What model explains how enzymes fit with their substrates? | "Lock and key" and "induced fit" model. |
| Can enzymes be reused? | Yes |
| How does temperature affect enzyme activity? | Too low slows reactions; too high denatures the enzyme. |
| What happens if an enzyme denatures? | It loses its shape and can no longer bind to the substrate. |
| How does pH affect enzymes? | Each enzyme has an optimal pH; extreme pH changes can denature the enzyme. |
| How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity? | Increases activity until enzymes are maxed |
| What enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen? | Catalase. |
| What enzyme breaks down starch into simple sugars? | Amylase. |
| What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids? | Protease. |
| What enzyme breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids? | Lipase. |
| Why are enzymes important for living organisms? | They allow necessary biochemical reactions to occur quickly enough to sustain life. |
| What would happen if enzymes didn’t exist? | Most reactions would occur too slowly for life to be possible. |
| What is an enzyme inhibitor? | A molecule that slows down or stops enzyme activity. |
| What is a competitive inhibitor? | A molecule that competes with the substrate for the active site. |
| What is a noncompetitive inhibitor? | A molecule that binds to a different part of the enzyme, changing its shape so the substrate cannot bind. |
| How can inhibitors be useful in medicine? | They can slow harmful reactions, like blocking enzymes in bacteria or viruses. |
| What happens to enzyme activity when an inhibitor is present? | It decreases, because the substrate cannot bind as easily. |
| What is an exothermic reaction? | A reaction that releases energy, usually as heat or light. |
| What is an endothermic reaction? | A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings. |
| How do enzymes affect exothermic and endothermic reactions? | They lower the activation energy but do not change whether energy is released or absorbed. |
| Which type of reaction releases energy: exothermic or endothermic? | Exothermic. |
| Which type of reaction requires energy input: exothermic or endothermic? | Endothermic |
Created by:
agastyad
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