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Physiology

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QuestionAnswer
What is the primary function if the heart? To pump blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits, supplying oxygen and nutrients while removing wastes.
What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron? About –70 mV, maintained by ion gradients and the sodium-potassium pump.
What is systolic blood pressure The pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction.
Which ions are more concentrated outside the neuron at rest? Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻)
Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium? The bicuspid (mitral) valve.
What is depolarization A decrease in membrane potential when sodium channels open and Na⁺ enters the cell.
What is the primary function of the PNS? To connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, carrying sensory input to the CNS and motor output to effectors
What is the main protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen? Hemoglobin.
What is saltatory conduction? The jumping of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons.
What is cardiac output? The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (heart rate × stroke volume).
What is the refractory period in nerve signaling? The time after an action potential when the neuron cannot fire (absolute) or needs a stronger stimulus (relative).
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting? Platelets (thrombocytes).
What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart? Sympathetic increases heart rate and contractility; parasympathetic decreases heart rate.
What is hyperpolarization in a neuron? When the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential due to excess K⁺ outflow or Cl⁻ inflow.
What is hematocrit? The percentage of whole blood volume made up of red blood cells.
Created by: Alexandriap89
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