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Phys Week 12 - Resp
Chapters 36, 37 - Respiratory and Gas Exchange
| The ability of the lungs and thorax to stretch is referred to as | Compliance |
| The exit of the bicarbonate ion from the red blood cell is balanced by the inward transport of another negative ion, chloride. This countertransport of negative ions is often called the _____ shift. | chloride |
| The _____ represents the largest volume of air an individual can move in and out of the lungs. | Vital capacity |
| The exact amount of oxygen in blood depends mainly on the amount of | Hemoglobin |
| Video: Spirometry. Spirometry is used to measure all of the following EXCEPT: | Expiratory Reserve Volume Tidal volume Inspiratory capacity Total lung capacity Answer: Total lung capacity |
| What variations exist in the body to temporarily store or carry oxygen? | neuroglobin myoglobin fetal hemoglobin all of the above Answer: all of the above |
| Pressure gradients are established by changes in the | Thoracic cavity |
| The basic rhythm of the respiratory cycle of inspiration and expiration seems to be generated by the | medullary rhythmicity area. |
| Oxygen enters blood from alveolar air because the partial pressure of alveolar air is | greater than the partial pressure of incoming blood. |
| The mechanism that produces pulmonary ventilation is one that establishes a gas pressure gradient between the | atmosphere and the alveolar air. |
| According to the law of partial pressures, the partial pressure of gas in a mixture of gases is` | directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and to the total pressure of the mixture. |
| During the respiratory cycle, intrapleural pressure is always less than alveolar pressure. This difference is called` | transpulmonary pressure. |
| A right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve due to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide is also known as | the Bohr effect |
| ____ law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. | Boyle’s |
| Hyperpnea means a(n) | increase in breathing. |
| The apparatus used to measure the volume of air exchanged in breathing is called a(n) | Spirometer |
| An obstructive lung disorder that is characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles in the wall of the bronchial air passages is | asthma! |
| The volume of air exhaled normally after a typical inspiration is called _____ volume. | tidal volume |
| The forced expiratory volume test can determine the presence of respiratory obstruction by measuring the | volume of air expired per second during forced expiration.` |
| The amount of oxygen that diffuses into blood each minute depends on which factor? | a. oxygen pressure gradient between alveolar air and incoming pulmonary blood b. total functional surface area of the respiratory membrane c. respiratory minute volume d. alveolar ventilation e. all of the above Answer: All of the above |
| An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood causes | a drop in pH in the blood. |
| Which term refers to the volume of inspired air that actually reaches, or “ventilates,” the alveoli? | Alveolar ventilation |
| Which oxygen-binding protein helps move oxygen out of the blood and into muscle cells? | myoglobin |
| When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, some of the carbon dioxide molecules associate with water to form | carbonic acid. |
| During inspiration, as the size of the thorax increases, the | intrapleural and alveolar pressures decrease |
| The sensors that provide feedback information to the medullary rhythmicity area are the | central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors. |
| The compound formed when carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin is | carbaminohemoglobin. |
| More than two-thirds of the carbon dioxide carried by blood is carried in the form of | bicarbonate ions. |
| Which structural feature facilitates oxygen diffusion from the alveolar air into the blood in lung capillaries? | a. The alveolar and capillary walls are both very thin. b. The alveolar and capillary surfaces are both extremely large. c. The lung capillaries accommodate a large amount of blood at one time. d. Each red blood cell comes close to alveolar air. e. All o |
| In what form does oxygen travel in the blood? | a. dissolved oxygen in the plasma b. associated with hemoglobin c. associated with bicarbonate ions d. both a and b Answer: both a & b |
| The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the preinspiration volume is called: | Elastic recoil |
| External respiration can be defined as: | a. the exchange of gases between the lung and the blood capillaries in the lung. b. pulmonary ventilation. c. the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissue cells. d. both A and B. Answer: both A and B |
| Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood? | a. As oxyhemoglobin b. Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3–) c. Dissolved in the plasma d. All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood. Answer: Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3–) |
| When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure: | When expiration occurs |
| Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract: | a. help move air into and out of the lungs. b. trap and phagocytize microorganisms. c. help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx. d. do both B and C. Answer: c. help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx. |
| Which gas law deals with the solubility of gases in solution? | Henry |
| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | a decrease in alveolar pressure. |
| The major form by which carbon dioxide is transported in the circulatory system is: | as bicarbonate ions. |
| About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to: | hemoglobin |
| By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood’s hemoglobin has united with oxygen? | 97% |
| Dalton law states that the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is _____ to the total pressure of the mixture. | directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli |
| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air. |
| Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system? | Control of cell metabolism rate |
| The PCO2 in alveolar air is _____ blood. | a. less than in the systemic venous b. greater than in the systemic venous c. equal to the systemic arterial d. Both A and C are correct. Answer: Both A and C are correct. |
| Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise? | Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise, causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate. |
| One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen? | 20% |
| Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg. | 760 |
| Which of the following combinations in arterial blood could cause an increase in the respiratory rate? | Increased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, decreased pH, decreased PO2 |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150. Anatomical dead space refers to the volume of air in the conducting airways (like the trachea and bronchi) that doesn't participate in gas exchange. It's roughly 30% of the tidal volume in a healthy individual |
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