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Phys week 10 - Heart
Chapters 27, 28, 29, 30 - Heart & Blood
| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as | fibrinolysis |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | Plasma |
| Platelets play an important role in | blood clotting. |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | Leukopenia |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | Hemoglobin |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis |
| All of the following are components critical to coagulation except | prothrombin. thrombin. fibrinogen. fibrin. none of the above; all of these components are critical to coagulation. Answer: None, all are important |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | Antigen |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | Left atrium |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a | E wave |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | Coronary Arteries |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium |
| A type of abnormal heart sound that may signify incomplete closing of the valves is | a heart murmur. |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium |
| Blood from the brachiocephalic vein drains into the | head, neck, and upper extremity. |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| The vagus is said to act as a “brake” on the heart. This situation is called | vagal inhibition. |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate. |
| What functions as an emergency mechanism when hypoxia or hypercapnia endangers the stability of the internal environment? | chemoreceptor reflex |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | Protein molecules |
| Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? | blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions |
| shock results from a condition in which infectious agents release toxins into the blood. | Septic |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | inotropic factors |
| A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: | polycythemia. Polycythemia is a blood disorder where there is an abnormally high concentration of red blood cells in the blood. Normal Hematocrit Males: 41-50. Females: 36-44 |
| Circulatory shock caused by a drop in the amount of blood in the circulatory system is called _____ shock. | hypovolemic |
| The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called | pulse pressure. |
| Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with: | body fat. |
| What is the functional significance of large areas of cardiac muscle being electrically coupled to form a single functional syncytium? | Because they form a syncytium, muscle cells can pass an action potential along a large area of the heart wall, stimulating contraction in each muscle fiber of the syncytium. |
| The heart begins beating in the fetus at about what stage of development? | At four weeks |
| The vagus is said to act as a “brake” on the heart. This situation is called | vagal inhibition |
| Platelets play an important role in | Blood clotting |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | Diapedesis |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called | perfusion pressure |
| _____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | Heparin |
| All of the following are components critical to coagulation except: | prothrombin. thrombin. fibrinogen. fibrin. none of the above; all of these components are critical to coagulation. Answer: None, all are critical |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia |
| Blood pressure is measured with the aid of an apparatus known as a(n) | sphygmomanometer (BP cuff) |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate. |
| Which of the following is(are) involved in determining a person’s total blood volume? | Age Body type Sex All of the above Answer: all of the above |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemodynamics |
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prispeguero
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