A reasoned explanation that interprets the results of an investigation, connects them to the hypothesis, and explains whether the evidence supports or refutes the original prediction.

A structured and controlled process designed to test a specific hypothesis, where variables are intentionally manipulated to observe measurable outcomes.

A testable, evidence-based prediction about the relationship between variables, written in a way that can be supported or disproven through investigation.

A systematic method of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data to answer a scientific question, which may involve experiments, models, or field studies.

A conclusion drawn by combining observations with prior knowledge, reasoning, and patterns in data, rather than direct evidence alone.

The deliberate and precise use of the senses or tools to gather qualitative or quantitative data, forming the basis for further scientific reasoning.

The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable, serving as a baseline to measure the true effect of the tested change.

A clearly defined question that identifies measurable variables and can be answered by collecting and analyzing scientific data.

Controlled Experiment

An investigation in which only one independent variable is changed while all other conditions are kept constant to ensure valid results.

A representation—physical, mathematical, or conceptual—that explains, predicts, or tests ideas about systems or phenomena that are difficult to study directly.

Scientific investigations conducted in natural settings, allowing researchers to observe variables and interactions in real-world conditions.

Any factor or condition in an experiment that can change and influence outcomes; variables must be identified and classified as independent, dependent, or controlled.

Replicable Investigation

An experiment designed so that other scientists can follow the same procedures, collect similar data, and reach consistent results, ensuring reliability.

Multiple repetitions of an experiment under the same conditions to confirm that results are consistent and not due to random chance.

To examine and interpret data methodically, identifying patterns, trends, and relationships that help answer the research question.

Verified data or observations that are directly linked to a claim or conclusion, used to support scientific reasoning and argumentation.

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Nature of Science

Vocabulary Flash Cards

Term	Definition
Conclusion	A reasoned explanation that interprets the results of an investigation, connects them to the hypothesis, and explains whether the evidence supports or refutes the original prediction.
Experiment	A structured and controlled process designed to test a specific hypothesis, where variables are intentionally manipulated to observe measurable outcomes.
Hypothesis	A testable, evidence-based prediction about the relationship between variables, written in a way that can be supported or disproven through investigation.
Investigation	A systematic method of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data to answer a scientific question, which may involve experiments, models, or field studies.
Inference	A conclusion drawn by combining observations with prior knowledge, reasoning, and patterns in data, rather than direct evidence alone.
Observation	The deliberate and precise use of the senses or tools to gather qualitative or quantitative data, forming the basis for further scientific reasoning.
Control Group	The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable, serving as a baseline to measure the true effect of the tested change.
Testable Question	A clearly defined question that identifies measurable variables and can be answered by collecting and analyzing scientific data.
Controlled Experiment	An investigation in which only one independent variable is changed while all other conditions are kept constant to ensure valid results.
Model	A representation—physical, mathematical, or conceptual—that explains, predicts, or tests ideas about systems or phenomena that are difficult to study directly.
Field Studies	Scientific investigations conducted in natural settings, allowing researchers to observe variables and interactions in real-world conditions.
Variable	Any factor or condition in an experiment that can change and influence outcomes; variables must be identified and classified as independent, dependent, or controlled.
Replicable Investigation	An experiment designed so that other scientists can follow the same procedures, collect similar data, and reach consistent results, ensuring reliability.
Repeatable Trials	Multiple repetitions of an experiment under the same conditions to confirm that results are consistent and not due to random chance.
Analyze	To examine and interpret data methodically, identifying patterns, trends, and relationships that help answer the research question.
Evidence	Verified data or observations that are directly linked to a claim or conclusion, used to support scientific reasoning and argumentation.

Created by: msleiva5thgradescience

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