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CH 28
The heart
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anastomosis | A connection or joining between two or more tubular structures, such as blood vessels or intestines, that allows communication or flow between them. It can occur naturally or be surgically created. |
| Aorta | The largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and distributing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through its branches. |
| Artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, typically transporting oxygenated blood to tissues and organs, characterized by thick, elastic walls to withstand high pressure. |
| Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle | A bundle of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conducts electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles, ensuring coordinated contraction of the heart chambers; also known as the bundle of His. |
| Bicuspid Valve | A heart valve with two cusps, specifically the mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, which prevents backflow of blood into the atrium during ventricular contraction. |
| Atrium | One of the two upper chambers of the heart (left or right), which receives blood from the veins and pumps it into the corresponding ventricle. |
| Capillary | A tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that connects arteries and veins, facilitating the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues. |
| Cardiac Cycle | The complete sequence of events in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next, including systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the atria and ventricles. |
| Endocardium | The innermost layer of the heart wall, a thin membrane lining the heart chambers and valves, composed of endothelial cells and connective tissue. |
| Epicardium | The outermost layer of the heart wall, a thin membrane also known as the visceral pericardium, which covers the heart’s surface and is composed of connective tissue and fat. |