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6 Topic 10

Topic 10 Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
mid-ocean ridge an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean
sea-floor spreading the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor
subduction the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
ocean trench an undersea valley that represents one of the deepest parts of the ocean
divergent boundary a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
convergent boundary a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
transform boundary a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
stress a force that changes the shape or volume of rocks
tension stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
compression stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
shearing stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
fault a break in Earth's crust along which rocks move
earthquake the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
magnitude the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
tsunami a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor
volcano a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
magma a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle; found underground
lava liquid magma that reaches the surface
hot spot an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it
extinct term used to describe a volcano that is no longer active and unlikely to erupt again
dormant term used to describe a volcano that is not currently active but able to become active in the future
Created by: muellershauna
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