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6 Topic 6
Topic 6 Weather in the Atmosphere
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atmosphere | the relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth's outermost layer |
| air pressure | the pressure caused by the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area |
| altitude | the distance or elevation above sea level |
| wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure |
| water cycle | the continual movement of water among Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation |
| evaporation | the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas |
| condensation | the change in state from a gas to a liquid |
| dew point | the temperature at which condensation begins |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor in a given volume of air |
| relative humidity | the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain at particular temperature |
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| air mass | a huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height |
| jet stream | band of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface |
| front | the boundary where unlike air masses meet but do not mix |
| cyclone | a swirling center of low air pressure |
| anticyclone | a high-pressure center of dry air |
| meteorologist | a scientist who studies and predicts weather |
| storm | a violent disturbance in the atmosphere |
| thunderstorm | a small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning |
| hurricane | a tropical storm that has winds of about 119 kilometers per hour or higher |
| tornado | a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down to touch Earth's surface |
| storm surge | a dome of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands |
| flood | an overflowing of water in a normally dry area |
| drought | a long period of low precipitation |
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