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6 Unit 1
Matter and Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solid | has a definite shape and a definite volume because particles are packed very closely together; can be hard and brittle or flexible, smooth and heavy or sharp and light |
| liquid | has a definite volume but no shape of its own because particles are always in contact with each other but can move more than a solid |
| gas | has no definite shape or volume because particles do not remain in contact with one another and move to fill all available space |
| thermal energy | the total kinetic and potential energy of all particles in an object or substance; increase by adding heat |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object or substance; measured in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the same as the freezing point |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of an object |
| conduction | The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another |
| convection | Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid |
| convection current | the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| conductor | A material that allows electric charges to flow or conducts heat well |
| insulator | a material that does not conduct heat well |
| condensation | the change in state from a gas to a liquid |
| evaporation | the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas |