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6 Topic 2
Topic 2 Human Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tissue | similar cells that perform the same functions are grouped together |
| organ | a body structure composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together, performing major functions |
| stimulus | any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way |
| response | an action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus |
| gland | part of the endocrine system; organs that produce and release chemicals either through tiny tubes called ducts or directly into the bloodstream |
| hormone | chemical produced by an endocrine gland, carried through the body by the circulatory system, and affect many body processes |
| stress | the reaction of a person's body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events; some reactions could be the flight-flight-freeze reaction |
| digestion | the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| nutrients | the substances in food that provide the raw materials the body's cells need to carry out all their essential processes; six important types are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water |
| carbohydrates | energy-rich organic compound, such as sugar or starch, that is made of the same elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; can be quickly broken down |
| peristalsis | waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus toward the stomach |
| saliva | fluid released from glands in the mouth and plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body; cause the food, specifically carbohydrate starch, to break down faster in the mouth from saliva |
| circulatory system | body system that transports nutrients and other life-sustaining resources including oxygen as well as removes waste produces and fights off diseases |
| artery | a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart |
| capillary | blood vessel as small as a single cell in width where substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells |
| vein | blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| lymph | fluid that consists of water, white blood cells, and dissolved materials such a glucose |
| bronchi | two passages that direct air into the lungs |
| alveoli | tiny thin-walled sacs of lung tissue where gases can move between air and blood |
| excretion | the process of removing wastes |
| nephron | a small filtering structure in the kidneys that removes wastes from blood and produces urine |
| neuron | a cell that carries information through the nervous system, also called nerve cell |
| synapse | the junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another neuron |
| brain | part of the central nervous system (CNS) that is located in the skull and controls most functions of the body; one of the most important organs of the body |
| spinal cord | a thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves that branch out through the body; protected by the vertebral column |
| reflex | an automatic response that occurs without conscious control |
| negative feedback | the process by which a system is turned off by the condition it produces |
Created by:
muellershauna
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