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chapter 3 m

chapter 3m

QuestionAnswer
cytology study of cells
cells basic unit of life
plasma membrane encloses cell contents, participates in cellular activity, contain phospholipids,cholesterol,proteins,carbs.
channels allow passage of specific substances thruogh plasma membrane
transporters push subatances from one side to other
receptors point of attatchment for materials coming to cell
enzymes speed up reactions occuring at membrane level
linkers link cells oto other cells giving membrane structure
idenity markers important in transfussions and transplants(unique protien
Nucleus control center of cells
chromosomes threadlike units of heredity passed from parent to offspring
nucleous little nucleus, produces ribosomes that manufacture proteins
cytoplasm fills cell from nuclear membrane to plasma membrane
cytosol liquid part containing nutrients, minerals,enzymes,water
organells ER,ribosomes,mitachondria,golgi apparatus,lysosomes,peroxisomes vessicles and centriodes
ER smoothe ER no ribosomes, rough ER- covered with ribosomes
ribosomes protien synthesis
Mitachondria produce ATP; cells power house
Golgi app sorts, modifies,packages protine for transport
Lysosomes have digestive enzymes that breakdown substances; remove waste& foreign material; destroy old damaged cells
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful subs.&produced in metabolism
Vesicles small storage sacs
Centrioles form mitolic spindles required for mitosis
Surface Organells structures projecting from cell surface used for motion
Cillia small hairlike projections,circulate fludi, found in resp.track and in female repro.track
flagellum long, whip like exrentions used for movement; sperm cell
Protein Synthesis nucleic acids DNA & RNA, control protein synthesis
Chromosomes found in nucleus,contain genes, heredity units that govern cell
Genes pieces of DNA that carry messages for the development of heredity characteristics like,(eye color)direct protine manufactorer
Nucleotides building blockas of DNA, have 3 units sugar,phosphate,nitrogen base
DNA contain nucleotides A,T,C,G
DNA is formed by helix(double stranded)
DNA cells master blueprint, make up genes.genes code for building aminoacids into protines
RNA interperts DNA's blueprint for protine production
transcription transfer of information form DNA to RNA 9in nucleus)end product (mRNA)
translation mRNA's genetic message is decoded to build amino acids into long chains that form protiens
transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to growing protein chains
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) interperts mRNA
Meiosis sex cells( sperm egg)
Meiosis function reproduction
Mitosis parent cell becomes 2 inditical daughter cells.
Mitosis function frowth repair
Cell cycle IPMAT
Interphase not part of mitosis; DNA replicates; cell spends most of its life in int. phase
Prophase nucleous and nuclear disappear; centirole move to opposite sides
Metaphase chromosomes align in middle creating metaphase plate
Anaphase chromo. seperate and move toward opposite ends of cell
Telophase figure8; prophase phase in reverse
cytokinesis 1 cell becomes 2
Plasma membrane is selectively premable; regulates what enters AND LEAVES CELL based on cells needs
Passive transport requires no ATP
diffusion from high concentration to low concentration
filtration form high pressure to low pressure
Osmosis difussion of water/how water moves
facilitated diffusion uses transporter protines
Active transport requires ATP, moves solutes from lower concentration to higher; requires transporters
Endocytosis (bulk)
phagocytosis cell takes in particles
pinocyotosis cell takes in fluid droplets
Exocytosis materials released by vesicles
Isotonic fluid solution iso/same cell not affected
hypotonic fluid solution hypo/less H2O cell swell and burst/lysis
hypertonic solution hyper/greater H2O cells lose water shrink; crenation
Created by: Morene
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