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Pharm Nurs 12
Pharmacology for Nurses Ch. 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most important tool of the medical community for countering worldwide epidemics and bioterrorist threats? | Drugs |
| Disease and body system approach | Students can easily locate relevant information by organizing each unit by body system |
| Change in the medical community as a result of 9/11 | Awareness of outbreaks and treatment expanded to include bioterrorism |
| Bioterrorism | The use of toxic agents to cause as many casualties as possible and create public panic |
| Three categories of infectious agents | A, B, C |
| Category A infectious agent | Easily dessiminated and cause high mortality |
| Category B infectious agent | Moderately easy to disseminate and cause moderate morbidity and low mortality |
| Category C infectious agent | Emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination |
| Emergency preparedness and JCAHO | JCAHO requires accredited hospital to develope disaster plans |
| A new consideration in emergency planning | How an agency's health care delivery system might change during a crisis |
| 4 key roles of nurses in a bioterrorist threat | 1) Education- providing accurate information 2) Resources- a list of health and law enforcement contacts in the community 3) Diagnosis and treatment 4) Planning |
| Strategic National Stockpile | designed to ensure immediate deployment of essential medical supplies to a community in event of a large scale attack |
| Who manages the strategic national stockpile | The CDC |
| The Strategic National Stockpile contains 3 | 1) Antibiotics 2) Vaccines 3) other medical supplies |
| What are the two components of the Strategic national Stockpile | The push package and the Vendor-managed inventory package |
| The push package- define. length of time to arrival? | A preassembled set of medical supplies that can arrive anywhere in the US 12 hours after an attack |
| The Vendor Managed Inventory package. define and time to arrival? | Sent out after the nature of the attack has been more clearly identfied. It arrives from 24 to 36 hours after an attack. |
| Is local stockpilling of drugs recommended? why? | No. Drugs are costly. Drugs expire quickly. Stockpilling can lead to shortages of drugs. |
| What bioterror agent was used in 2001? | Anthrax |
| What are the three ways anthrax is spread? | 1) Contact with open wound 2) Eating anthrax-contaminated food 3) Inhaling anthrax spores |
| Two types of toxins related to anthrax | 1 edema toxin 2 lethal toxin |
| Anthrax binding receptor | allows bachterium to bind to human cells and act as a doorway for both types of toxins |
| Traditional treatment drug of anthrax | Ciprofloxacin |
| Treatment drugs for inhalation anthrax | Ciprofloxacin and doxycycline |
| Should antibiotics be used where anthrax has not been found? | No |
| Who should use the anthrax vaccine? | Very few people, usually people who work with anthrax |
| Concern with polioviris? | Terrorists will culture the virus and release it in regions which people have not been vaccinated for polio |
| Problem with a mutated strain of polio? | It might have no effective vaccine. |
| Fear of smallpox 2 | It can spread easily from person to person and it can kill 1 in 3 people |
| How to vaccines operate in the body? | They stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies to prevent disease. |
| Limitation of therapies in countering bioterrorism? | There are no effective therapies for patients infected by most agents that terrorists would use. |
| How much smallpox vaccine exists in the U.S. | Enough to administer vaccines to all Americans |
| Contraindications to the smallpox vaccine? 5 | 1) Skin conditions 2) altered immune states 3) Pregnant and breastfeeding women 4) children under 1 5) people with serios allergies to the vaccines components |
| 3 concerns with the vaccine | 1) Questionable effectiveness 2) possible side effects 3) could provide terrorists with partial virus |
| 4 categories of chemical warefare agents | 1) Nerve agents 2) Blood agents 3) Chocking/ Vomiting agents 4) Blister Vesicant agents |
| What is the most significant category of chemical agents? | nerve agents |
| How do nerve agents act on the body? | They cause an overstimulation of Acetylcholine |
| What drug treats nerve agents? | Anticholinergic drug atropine. It blocks the Ach receptors |
| other treatments for nerve agents? 3 | 1) Flush eyes with water 2) apply basic solution to the skin 3) Do not induce vomiting |
| Symptoms of Acute Radiation Syndrome | First Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea then weight loss fatigue and bone marrow suppression |
| One of the few medicines useful in treating radiation sickness | Potassium Iodine |
| How does potassium iodine work? | It protects the thyroid gland from a type of radiation |
| What is the number 1 source of poisoning in the US | analgesics |
| Which medications are more likely to be toxic? | Those with a low therapeutic index |
| Basic supportive care for toxicity | 1) ABC 2) Proper blood glucose 3) Stable arterial blood gases 4) Treatment of siezures 5) Neutralize pH |
| Surface decontamination 4 | 1) Remove clothing 2) Wash eyes with water 3) wash hair with soap and water 4) Soap and water and alcohol to wash undamaged skin |
| Syrup of Ipecac- uses benefits | Induces vomiting, questionable value especially with caustic poisonings |
| Gastric lavage and aspirations What? Done when? Time? | Dilute the poison with water and suck the poison up out of the stomach. done in potentially life threatening cases. Must be done within 60 minutes |
| Activated charcoal when? | If the poison is carbon based |
| Whole bowel irrigation d | infusing large amounts of nonabsorbable fluid |
| When is whole bowel irrigation contraindicated 3 | 1) Bowel obstruction 2) Bowel perforation 3) obstructed airways |
Created by:
twininger1
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