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Nucleic Acids

Topic 2 aqa a level biology

QuestionAnswer
What are ribosomes formed from? RNA and proteins
What are nucleotides made from? A pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group
What are the components of DNA? Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the organic bases; Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Thymine
What are the components of RNA? Ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the organic bases; Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Uracil
What bond is formed by a condensation reaction between two nucleotides? A phosphodiester bond
What is the structure of DNA? DNA is two polynucleotide chains connected with hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A+T, G+C) in a helical shape
What is the structure of RNA? RNA is a singular polypeptide chain which is relatively short
What type of replication does DNA undergo? Semi-conservative replication
What is semi-conservative replication? 1. unwinding of double helix by DNA helicase 2. hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases are broken 3. the exposed nucleotide bases attract free floating nucleotides and hydrogen bonds are formed between the template and free bases 4. DNA polymerase
What are the components of ATP? Adenosine triphosphate is made up of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups
What is the purpose of ATP hydrolase? To hydrolyse ATP into ADP and Pi
How can the hydrolysis of ATP be used? 1. It can act as an energy source for energy-requiring reactions within cells, e.g. carrier proteins 2. the inorganic phosphate in ATP hydrolyses can also phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive
What are the components of ATP? Adenosine triphosphate is made up of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups
What is the purpose of ATP hydrolase? To hydrolyse ATP into ADP and Pi
How can the hydrolysis of ATP be used? 1. It can act as an energy source for energy-requiring reactions within cells, e.g. carrier proteins 2. the inorganic phosphate in ATP hydrolyses can also phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive
What is the role of ATP synthase? To catalyse the condensation reaction turning ADP and Pi into ATP during either photosynthesis or respiration
It is a metabolite and is used in many metabolic reactions such as condensation and hydrolyses Water
It is a solvent in which metabolic reactions occur Water
It has a relatively high heat capacity, buffering changes in temperature Water
It has a relatively large latent heat of vaporisation, providing cooling effects with little loss of water through evaporation Water
It has a strong cohesion between water molecules; this supports the columns of water in the tube-like transport cells of plants and produces surface tension where water meets air Water
What is the purpose of Hydrogen ions? Important for determining pH
What is the purpose of Iron ions? Where oxygen binds in haemoglobin to transport in blood
What is the purpose of Phosphate ions? - Forms phosphodiester bonds to link nucleotides in DNA and RNA - Hydrophilic phospholipid head - Store energy in ATP which is released when bonds are broken
What is the purpose of Sodium ions? Actively transported out of epithelial cells so it can re-enter through co-transport proteins, bringing in glucose or amino acids
Created by: Ziggyisweird
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