Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of life is called what? | Biology |
| Which term means that living things maintain internal conditions (examples: body temperature, salt levels, pH)? | Homeostasis |
| A flock of chickens has a ( HIGHER OR LOWER) level of organization than a liver cell in a chicken? | Higher |
| What is the first step of the scientific method? | Observation |
| What is the last step of the scientific method? | Conclusion |
| A hypothesis that has been tested many times by a broad range of investigations with the same results every time becomes a ? | Theory |
| A theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists will become a ? | Law |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties by ordinary chemical means is called a/an? | Element |
| Which particles in an atom have a negative charge and are found outside the nucleus? | Electrons |
| The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of _____ that it contains.. | Protons |
| Isotopes are atoms that have the same mass number/ TRUE/FALSE | False |
| How many electrons can the second energy level in an atom hold? | 8 |
| The outer energy level of a noble gas is ________ | Full |
| When an atom loses an electron it becomes a _______ ion. | Positive |
| When atoms from a double bond they are sharing ______ pair(s) of electrons. | Two |
| When two atoms are sharing electrons equally, they form a ____ covalent bond | Nonpolar |
| When molecules with polar covalent bonds are attracted to each other they form _____ bonds. | Hydrogen |
| The hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules cause ice (solid water) to float. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| A/an ________ is a substance that adds extra OH- ions to water | Base |
| The pH of an acid is _______ seven | Less than |
| Buffers keep human blood at a pH of ______ | 7.4 |
| What is the term when water molecules spontaneously break apart and form hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions? | Ionization |
| Organic molecules ________ contain carbon atoms. | Do |
| How many electrons does a carbon atom need to share to become more stable? | 8 |
| Molecules that contain the same number and type of atoms in different arrangements are called? | Isomers |
| ________ are molecules that are long chains of repeating units called monomers (examples: starch, protein, and DNA). | Polymers |
| Which molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio? | Carbohydrates |
| Can carbohydrates be used to form structures in living things? | Yes |
| Carbohydrate molecules that are made of many sugars joined together are called________________________ | Polysaccharides |
| When animals have extra glucose they store it in starch molecules. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| Do lipids dissolve in water? | No |
| Saturated fatty acids have at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| _________ fatty acids are solid at room temperature. | Saturated |
| Which type of lipids are the main component of a cell membrane? | Phospholipids |
| What are the monomers of protein molecules called? | Amino acids |
| What type of bond joins the monomers of protein molecules together? | Peptide |
| The function of some proteins is to transport things. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| Proteins only get unfolded and lose their shape if their temperature is lowered to below zero degrees Celsius. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| ______ means that a protein gets unfolded and loses its shape. | Denaturation |
| What are the monomers of nucleic acids called? | Nucleotides |
| What is the name of the sugar that is found in DNA molecules? | Deoxyribose |
| RNA molecules are ________ | Single stranded |
| Which German physician stated that "humans are made of cells" and that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell"? | Rudolf Virchow |
| ___________ was the first person who reported "seeing" living things cells. | Antoni van Leeuwenhoek |
| Which German scientist states that animals are made of cells? | Theodor Schwann |
| Which English scientist looked at cork under a microscope and named the compartments that he saw "cellulae"? | Robert Hooke |
| There are 1,000,000 ______ in 1 meter so this is a good unit to use when describing the size of a cell. | Micrometers |
| _______ cells are simple and have no nucleus and no organelles | Prokaryotic |
| Organisms in Domain ______ live in extreme environments like very hot water, very salty water, or places with no oxygen. | Archaea |
| Bacteria cells are eukaryotic. TRUE/FALSE | fALSE |
| A structure called a ________ is used to transfer DNA between prokaryotic cells. | Sex pilus |
| Structures called ________ help prokaryotic cells stick to things. | Fimbriae |
| _________ cells are complex and have a nucleus and many organelles. | Eukaryotic |
| The ________ endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it and is a place where proteins are made if they need more processing. | Rough |
| The theory of endosymbiosis explains how eukaryotic cells were first formed from prokaryotic cells. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| Structures called ______ are vesicles which contain enzymes that make hydrogen peroxide and catalase which breaks it down. | Peroxisomes |
| The ______ is made of flattened sacs of membrane and is the place where molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum are sorted, modified, and packaged so they can go where they need to go. | Golgi Apparatus |
| Short, hairlike structures that help cells move are called _____. | Cilia |
| The ________ of a cell is made of protein fibers that extend from the nucleus to the plasma membrane and provides support, helps things move, and helps join cells together. | Cytoskeleton |
| The nature of the cell membrane is described by the _____ Model. | Fluid Mosaic |
| The cell membrane is made of ____________ molecules that are arranged in a bilayer. | Phospholipids |
| Cholesterol molecules are embedded in the cell membrane and help it maintain its shape and texture. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| When sugar is mixed with water a sugar solution is made. What is the solvent? | Water |
| What is the solute in the sugar solution that is described in the previous question> | Sugar |
| Can a large, polar molecule pass through the cell membrane easily? | No |
| Can a small, non-polar molecule pass through the cell membrane easily? | Yes |
| During the process of diffusion particles move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| The temperature of a solution determines how fast particles diffuse in that solution. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| The diffusion of water across a differentially (selectively) permeable membrane due to concentration differences is called _____. | Osmosis |
| When osmosis happens, water moves from the hypertonic solution to the hypertonic solution. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| Since diffusion does not require any energy it is considered a/an _____ process. | Passive |
| In a process called _________ particles are being pushed through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient. | Active Transport |
| Endocytosis that involves large solid particles is called _____ | Phagocytosis |
| In science, ________ is defined as " the ability to do work" | Energy |
| What kind of energy is "stored energy"? | potential |
| Which Law of a Thermodynamics states that the "energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form."? | First Law (Law of Conservation of Energy) |
| More energy is required than released when an ______ reaction happens | Endergonic (endothermic) |
| How many phosphate groups does an ATP molecule contain? | Three |
| An ADP molecule contains more energy than an ATP molecule. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| Enzymes are almost always ______ | Proteins |
| Are enzymes changed by the chemical reactions that they help? YES/NO | No |
| The molecule that goes through a chemical reaction with the help of an enzyme is called the _______. | Substrate |
| The part of the enzyme where the chemical reaction happens is called the ____. | Active Site |
| A nonprotein organic molecule that helps activate an enzyme is called a _________. | Coenzyme |
| Where does the inhibitor bind when competitive inhibition happens? | In the active site on the enzyme |
| Will enzymes work no matter what the temperature or pH is? | No |
| Organisms that can do the reactions of photosynthesis are called ______. | Autotrophs |
| In which part of a plant do the reactions of photosynthesis primarily happen? | Leaves |
| What is the raw material (reactant) of photosynthesis? | H2O and CO2 |
| The tiny holes in leaves that allow CO2 to enter are called________. | Stomata |
| The particles that give off light energy are called _____. | Photons |
| Orange light has _______ energy than blue light since it has a longer wavelength. | Less |
| A molecule that absorbs light is called a _________. | Pigment |
| What is the name of the main pigment in plants? | Chlorophyll a |
| The reactions of photosynthesis happen in structures in leaf cells called __________. | Chloroplasts |
| The ______________ reactions of photosynthesis happen in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast. | Light |
| Pigment molecules are grouped together in the thylakoid membrane in structures called _______. | Photosystems |
| During the Light Reactions of photosynthesis the energy from electrons that have been "excited" is stored in ______ molecules. | ATP |
| Reduction is the _________ of electrons. | Gain |
| Oxidation is the _________ of electrons. | Loss |
| During the process of ___________ cellular respiration, the electrons that are removed from food molecules react with oxygen and form H2O. | Aerobic |
| Organisms that cannot do the reactions of photosynthesis are called __________. | Heterotrophs |
| Only plants can do the reactions of photosynthesis and only animals can do the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| Product of aerobic cellular respiration is...... | H20 and CO2 |
| Where do the reactions of glycolysis happen? | In the cytoplasm |
| How many ATP molecules are produced during the process of glycolysis? | 2 |
| What is the end product of fermentation in animals and some bacteria? | Ethanol, CO2, lactic acid |
| What is the end product of fermentation in yeast? | Ethanol and CO2 |
| What is pyruvate converted into during the Preparatory Reaction? | Acetyl CoA |
| Where does the Krebs cycle happen? | in the mitochondria |
| The electron transport chain produces the most ATP. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| When electrons react with O2 at the end of the electron transport chain, _______ is made. | H20 |
| Can protein be broken down by cells for energy? | Yes |
| What is the longest phase in the cell cycle? | Interphase |
| The correct order of stages in interphase is........... | G1 then S then G2 |
| During which stage of interphase does DNA replication happen? | S |
| During which part of the cell cycle does the cytoplasm happen> | Cytokenisis |
| _________ is the scientific term for "programmed cell death" | Apoptosis |
| When DNA is unraveled and can't be seen under the microscope it is called __________ | Histones |
| The place where the sister chromatids are attached to each other after DNA replication has happened is called the _______ | Centromere |
| Cells that have two copies of each type of chromosomes are ________. | Diploid |
| Humans are the most complex organisms on Earth, so they have the highest number of chromosomes. TRUE/FALSE | False |
| After DNA replication has happened, chromosomes are made of ________ sister chromatids. | 2 |
| Are chromosomes visible during prophase? | Yes |
| During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids pull apart and move toward opposite ends of the cell? | Anaphase |
| During cytokinesis a ________ forms to divide animal cells. | Cleavage spindle |
| The process of cell division in prokaryotic cells is called ________. | Binary Fission |
| In the process of sexual reproduction the zygote is _____. | Diploid |
| Is it possible for organisms to reproduce asexually? | Yes |
| Somatic cells are ________. | Diploid |
| Germline cells are ___________. | Haploid |
| During the process of meiosis how many daughter cells are produced from one parent cell? | 4 |
| During which phase of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur? | Prophase 1 |
| During which phase of meiosis do the sister chromatids pull apart? | Anaphase II |
| Oogenesis happens in ______. | Females |
| Spermatogenesis happens in _______. | Males |
| A person with three copies of a certain chromosome instead of only two has a condition called ___________. | Trisomy |
| A visual display of a person's chromosomes by size, shape and banding pattern is called a _______. | Karyotype |
| A person who has two X chromosomes is a female. TRUE/FALSE | TRUE |
| When a segment of a chromosome has been turned around 180 degrees the problem is called a _______. | Inversion |
| When sections of two different chromosomes trade places the problem is called a _________. | Translocation |
| A person with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome has a condition called __________. | Klinefelter syndrome |
| ___________ is the Austrian Monk who is considered the "Father of Genetics" because of his work with Pea plants. | Gregor Mendel |
| The position of a gene on a chromosome is called its _________. | Locus |
| A ____________ allele will be expressed even if there is only one copy of it | dominant |
| The combination of genes (alleles) that an individual has is called the __________ | Genotype |
| The physical expression of the genes is called the _______ | phenotype |
| The law of segregation states that "parents contain two copies of each hereditary factor and these factors separate when gametes are formed". TRUE/FALSE | True |
| When alleles show __________ neither one is dominant and both are expressed at the same time (without bending) | Codominance |
| When one gene has multiple effects on an individual's phenotype the inheritance pattern is called ___________. | Pleiotropy |
| When more than one gene affects a phenotypic trait the inheritance pattern is called ______. | Polygenic inheritance |
| A ____ is a diagram that is used to visualize crosses between individuals. | Punnett square |
| When alleles show _______ neither one is dominant and both are expressed with blending | incomplete dominance |
| Sex linked traits are determined by genes on the _______ chromosome. X/Y | X |
| A _______ is a diagram that is used to see how traits are being inherited in a family/ | Pedigree |
| Sex linked traits are more common in males. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| The two strands of DNA that are held together because of base pairing are _____. | Antiparallel |
| Adenine pairs with ______ in a double helix of DNA | Thymine |
| During which stage of interphase is the DNA of a cell copied? | S |
| Since each new double stranded DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand the DNA replication process is considered____ | Semiconservative |
| What is the name of the enzyme that helps the strands of DNA unwind during the replication process? | DNA helicase |
| What is the name of the enzyme that helps with complementary base pairing process when DNA is being replicated? | DNA polymerase |
| During the process called ______ the ribosomes read the RNA and build a protein. | Translation |
| During the process called ______ an RNA strand (copy) is made from a DNA strand. | Transcription |
| A group of three nucleotides in a DNA strand (a triplet) that represents an amino acid in a protein molecule is called _____. | Codon |
| Transcription begins when RNA polymerase attaches to a place on the DNA template strand called the ________ | Prometer |
| Many RNA polymerase molecules can be working at the same time. TRUE/FALSE | True |
| Which type of RNA molecule contains an anticodon? | tRNA |
| How many subunits does a ribosome contain? | 2 |
Created by:
aileenserra
Popular Biology sets