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Pharm Nurs 11
Pharmacology for Nurses Ch. 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substance Abuse | self-administration of a drug in a manner that does not conform to the norms within the patient's own culture and society |
| All drugs have the ability to inpact (2) | The brain and the spinal cord |
| Natural v synthetic drugs of abuse | Natural drugs are derived from natural sources, synthetic drugs are manufactured in a lab |
| Addiction | A strong compulsion that drives someone to take drugs repeatedly |
| 3 variables which influence if a person will become addicted to a drug | 1 User related factors such as genetics 2 Environmental factors such as community norms 3 Factors related to the drug |
| The risk of addiction by prescription drugs is primarily a function of (2) | dose and duration of drug therapy |
| 2 categories of substance dependence | physical dependence and psychological dependence |
| Physical dependence | Occurs when the CNS has become use to the drug. Uncomfortable symptoms known as withdrawl occur is a physically dependent person stops taking a drug. |
| 5 drugs known for physical dependence | 1 Alcohol 2 Nicotine 3 CNS stimulants 4 Sedatives 5 Opiods |
| Psycological dependence | No physical symptoms of withdrawl, but a stong desire to continue to use the substance |
| Examples of psychologically addictive drugs | marajuana and anti-anxiety drugs |
| Social impact of drug abuse and recovery | Users tend to revert to drug-seeking behavior when they return to the company of other drug abusers |
| Tolerance | A biological condition in which higher doses are required to produce the same initial effect |
| Tolerance is common for drugs which affect ( ) | the CNS |
| Cross tolerance | When a person becomes tolerant to a drug which is similar to the one they are using |
| Tolerance (does/ does not) indicate substance abuse | Does not |
| Immunity, resistance, and tolerance | Immunity and resistance refer to the immune systme and should not be confused with tolerance |
| Two primary classes of Sedatives | barbituates and nonbarbituate sedative- hypnotics |
| What (3) developes with extended use of sedatives | Physical dependence, psychological dependence, and tolerance |
| Duration of action of sedatives | May be long lasting |
| half life of Benzodiazepine | Long, may stay in system for weeks |
| Addiction to opioids can occur | quickly |
| Opioids AKA | Narcotic analgesics |
| Opioid withdrawl compared to barbituate withdrawl | opioids are very psychologically addictive, but barbituate withdrawl is more dangerous |
| Alcohol and the blood brain barrier | Alcohol easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and its effects are felt within 30 minutes |
| Concern with the assessment of alcohol abuse | Many other drugs show the same symptoms |
| Food and absorption and metabolism of alcohol | Food slows the rate of absorption but doesn't affect the rate of metabolism |
| Acute withdrawl of alcohol can cause ( ) | death |
| The drug of choice for sever alcohol withdrawl is ( ) | benzodiazapine |
| The organ most affected by alcohol abuse is ( ) | the liver |
| Delerium Tremens (DT) | May occur in long term alcohol abusers. Results in hallucination and disorientation |
| Canniboids derive from ( ) | the hemp plant |
| The psychoactive ingredient of canniboids is ( ) | THC |
| Marajuana causes ( ) | 1 Slows motor activity 2 decreases coordination 3 causes disconnected thoughts, paranoia, and euphoria 4 Increases thirst and craving for food 5 causes bloodshot eyes |
| Schedule of hallucinogens | Schedule I- no mediacal use |
| prototype of hallucinogens | LSD |
| LSD distribution | Distributed immediately throughout the body after use |
| Other hallucinagins (6) | 1 Mescaline 2 ketamine 3 MDMA 4 MDA 5 DOM 6 PCP |
| CNS stimulants use for 3 | Treatment of Narocolepsy, obesity, ADHD |
| CNS stimulants cause 3 | exhileration, reduced appitite, improved mental and physical performance, |
| Types of dependence | high psychological dependence, less sever physical dependence |
| Parts of the body affected by CNS stimulants 3 | Reticular formation, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems |
| 3 amphetamines and their uses | 1 Dexedrine, used for weight loss 2 Ritalin used for treatment of ADHD 3 Methamphetamine- used as a recreational drug |
| How does the CNS stimulant ritalin help with ADHD? | It stimulates the reticular formation, which helps with attention span |
| Cocaine | A schedule 2 drug with actions similar to amphetamines |
| Is the use of cocaine in Andea culture considered abuse? | No, it is a cultural norm |
| how often is cocaine abused in the U.S.? | Second only below marajana |
| How is cocaine administered? | Snorted, smoked, injected, or chewed |
| affects of cocaine 3 | Decrease of hunger, analgesia, increased sensory perception |
| Overuse of cocaine can cause 4 due to? | dysrhythmia, convulsion, stroke, death due to respiratory arrest |
| Withdrawl symptoms for cocaine compared to other drugs? | Less than for alcohol and barbituates |
| 2 effects of caffeine | diuretic, and mild CNS stimulant |
| 4 systems effected by Nicotine | Nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and CNS |
| 3 roles of the nurse in substance abuse | prevention, diagnosis, treatment |
| With IV drug users, nurse must consider 3 | HIV infection, hepetitis, Tuberculosis |
Created by:
twininger1
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