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Nurse Aide I H
Nurse Aide I Module H Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | is the basic unit of life that makes up for all living things. |
| Cells combine to form | to form tissues |
| Tissues combine to form | to form organs |
| Organs combine to form | to form organ systems |
| Systems combine to form | to form an organism |
| What are the seven warning signs of cancer? | Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore that does not heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness |
| What mnemonic can you use to remember those signs? | Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore that does not heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or lump, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness |
| NA's role in caring for people with cancer and receiving chemo/radiation therapy | provide support by helping with daily activities, observing and reporting side effects, promoting comfort, and maintaining hygiene for patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. |
| Integumentary system overview, structure and function | consists of the skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands, and its main functions are to protect the body, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information. |
| Know the changes due to aging (Integumentary) | causes the skin to become thinner, less elastic, drier, and more fragile, with slower healing and decreased sweat and oil gland activity. |
| Know the variations of normal (Integumentary) | include differences in skin color, texture, hair thickness, and nail shape that vary by age, ethnicity, and individual genetics without indicating disease. |
| What is a bony prominence and where are they located | an area where bone lies close to the skin, commonly found on elbows, hips, heels, and the back of the head. |
| What can cause pressure injuries and who is at risk? | caused by prolonged pressure, friction, or shear on the skin, and people who are immobile, elderly, or have poor nutrition are at higher risk. |
| Know the stages of pressure injuries | Stage 1—intact skin with redness; Stage 2—partial-thickness skin loss; Stage 3—full-thickness skin loss involving fat; and Stage 4—full-thickness tissue loss exposing muscle or bone. |
| List ways you can prevent pressure injuries | by regularly repositioning the patient, keeping skin clean and dry, using support surfaces like cushions, ensuring good nutrition and hydration, and inspecting skin daily for signs of pressure damage. |
| Musculoskeletal system overivew | is made up of bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, and tendons, providing support, movement, and protection for the body. |
| Types of muscles | are skeletal muscles (voluntary movement), smooth muscles (involuntary movement in organs), and cardiac muscle (heart muscle). |
| Know the following movement terms: abduction and adduction, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion | Abduction is moving a body part away from the midline. Adduction is moving a body part toward the midline. Dorsiflexion is bending the foot upward toward the shin. Plantar flexion is bending the foot downward away from the shin |
| Changes due to aging (Musculokeletal) | causes muscles to lose strength and mass, bones to become more brittle, joints to stiffen, and overall mobility to decrease. |
| Why do we perform ROM? | to maintain or improve joint flexibility, prevent stiffness, and promote circulation. |
| Be familiar with contractures and atrophy | is the permanent tightening of muscles, tendons, or ligaments that restricts joint movement, while atrophy is the wasting away or decrease in muscle size due to lack of use. |
| Understand causes of fractures and the nurse Aides role | caused by trauma, osteoporosis, or overuse, and Nursing Assistants help by supporting the patient, reporting pain or swelling, assisting with mobility, and following safety precautions to prevent further injury. |
| Nurse aide's role in arthritis | by assisting with daily activities, encouraging gentle exercise, protecting joints from injury, and reporting any changes in pain or mobility. |
| Nervous System Overview | controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and other body parts. |
| What is the function of the Cerebrum? | controls voluntary movements, sensory processing, thinking, memory, and emotions |
| What are the sensory organs? | are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin, which detect stimuli like sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. |
| Normal findings and changes due to aging (Nervous) | include clear speech, steady gait, and normal reflexes, while aging can cause slower reflexes, decreased sensation, memory changes, and occasional tremors. |
| Nurse aide's role in Care after a stroke | by assisting with mobility and daily activities, helping prevent complications like pressure injuries, encouraging communication, and reporting changes in condition to the nurse. |
| Know the acronym and symptoms for a stroke | Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services immediately. |
| Cardiovascular system Overview | consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, and its main function is to circulate blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body and removing waste products. |
| Changes due to aging (Cardiovascular) | causes the heart to pump less efficiently, blood vessels to stiffen, and blood flow to decrease, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. |
| Orthostatic hypotension and prevention | is a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, and prevention includes rising slowly, sitting before standing, staying hydrated, and reporting dizziness. |
| Congestive heart failure | a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, causing fluid buildup in the lungs, legs, and other tissues. |
| Understand edema | is swelling caused by excess fluid buildup in the body's tissues, often seen in the feet, legs, or hands. |
| Respiratory system Overview | includes the nose, throat, lungs, and airways, and its main function is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide. |
| Changes due to aging (Respiratory) | causes the lungs to lose elasticity, breathing muscles to weaken, and the respiratory system to be less efficient at exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| Key terms for Respiratory system | Alveoli, Bronchi, Diaphragm, Inhalation, Exhalation, Cilia, Respiration |
| Variation of normal (Respiratory) | include differences in breathing rate and depth based on age, activity, and body size without indicating illness. |
| COPD and Nurse aid's role (Respiratory) | a lung condition that causes breathing difficulty due to airflow obstruction, and Nursing Assistants help by encouraging breathing exercises, assisting with oxygen therapy, promoting rest, and reporting changes in breathing. |
| Digestive system overview | breaks down food into nutrients the body can absorb and uses organs like the mouth, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas to do this. |
| Structure and function including peristalsis | includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, and its function is to absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste, with peristalsis being the muscular contractions that move food. |
| Changes due to aging (Digestive system) | slows digestion, reduces saliva and enzyme production, weakens muscles in the digestive tract, and may cause constipation or decreased nutrient absorption. |
| GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) | a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and irritation. |
| Constipation | is difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements, often causing hard, dry stool. |
| Nurse aide's role (Digestive) | by assisting with diet and fluid intake, encouraging regular toileting, observing and reporting changes in bowel habits, and maintaining patient comfort. |
| Urinary System Overview | includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and its main function is to remove waste and excess fluids from the body as urine. |
| Structure and function and Normal findings (Urinary) | consists of the kidneys (filter blood), ureters (carry urine to bladder), bladder (stores urine), and urethra (excretes urine), with normal findings including clear, light yellow urine and regular urination without pain. |
| Male vs female-what is the difference ? | has a longer urethra that passes through the penis, while the female urethra is shorter and opens just above the vaginal opening. |
| What is urinary retention? | is the inability to completely empty the bladder. |
| Nurse aide's role (Urinary) | assist with toileting, encourage fluid intake, observe and report changes in urination, and maintain good hygiene to prevent infections. |
| Changes due to aging (Reproductive) | causes decreased hormone production, reduced fertility, and changes in reproductive organs like shrinking testes in males and menopause in females. |
| Pelvice organ prolapse | occurs when pelvic muscles weaken, causing organs like the bladder, uterus, or rectum to drop into the vaginal area. |
| Endocrine System Overview | made up of glands that produce hormones to regulate body functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. |
| Structure and function (Endocrine) | includes glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and ovaries/testes, which release hormones to control processes like metabolism, growth, and stress response. |
| Variations of normal (Endocrine) | include changes in hormone levels due to age, stress, and pregnancy without indicating disease. |
| Why do people develop diabetes? | when the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar levels. |
| Know signs and symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia | include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and weakness, while hyperglycemia symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. |
| Immune System Overview | protects the body from harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens by identifying and attacking them. |
| Structure and function (Immune) | includes white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow, working together to recognize and destroy harmful invaders and protect the body from infection. |
| Variation of normal (Immune) | include differences in immune response strength due to age, genetics, and overall health without indicating disease. |
| other common disorders (Immune) | include allergies, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and immunodeficiency conditions such as HIV/AIDS. |
Created by:
mdonovan8742
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