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Unit 1 (2025-26)
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll |
| Photosynthesis formula | The overall chemical equation representing photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant cells and other eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that conducts photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll. |
| Glucose (C6H12O6) | A simple sugar that is an important organic energy source in living organisms and a product of photosynthesis. |
| Stoma | A pore/opening |
| Elements | Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means (examples: C, H, O, N) |
| Organic Compounds | Chemical compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| Proteins | complex molecules made up of long chains of smaller units called amino acids |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds composed of carbon |
| Nucleic Acids | Complex organic substances present in living cells (DNA and RNA) whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain |
| Lipids/Fats | A diverse group of organic compounds including fats |
| Inorganic Compounds | Chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds |
| Cell Respiration formula | The overall chemical equation representing cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) |
| Mitochondria | An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells where respiration and energy production occur |
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | An organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells |
| Aerobic | Refers to processes or organisms that require oxygen to function. |
| Anaerobic | Refers to processes or organisms that do not require oxygen to function |
| Trophic Levels | The position an organism occupies in a food chain. |
| Producers (autotrophs) | Organisms that produce their own food/glucose through photosynthesis |
| Consumers (heterotrophs) | Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms or their remains. |
| Herbivores | Consumers that feed primarily on plants (producers). |
| Carnivores | Consumers that feed primarily on other animals. |
| Omnivores | Consumers that feed on both plants and animals. |
| Decomposers | Organisms (like bacteria and fungi) that break down dead organic matter returning inorganic nutrients to the environment |
| Energy Pyramid | A graphical representation showing the flow of energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem |
| Biomass | The total mass of organisms in a given area or volume. |
| Conservation of matter & energy | Scientific laws stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed (only rearranged) and energy cannot be created or destroyed (only transformed) in an isolated system. |
| Geosphere | The solid Earth |
| Biosphere | The sum of all ecosystems on Earth; the part of Earth where life exists. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth. |
| Hydrosphere | All the waters on Earth's surface |
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